施肥对幼龄腰果植株生长和结果的影响

摘要

An experiment with L, (3~4) orthogonal design was conducted to study the effects of N, P, K fertilizer on growth and fruiting of young cashew. The experimental results showed that; for 2 years old cashew, the optimum combination was N_1P_1K_1, the application rate of N 150 g/ (tree · a) , P_2O_5 50 g/ (tree · a) and K_2O 50 %/ (tree · a) couldpromote plant growth. For 3 years old cashew, when N application rate was in the range of 250 to 450 g/ (tree · a) , the increment of cashew crown width and plant height increased with N application rate increase, the effect of P_2O_5 and K_2O fertilizer was not significant At budding and initial flowering stage, when P_2O_5, K_2O application rate was 90 and 200 g/ (tree · a) respectively, the ratio of budding and flowering branch was the highest; the effect of N was not obvious. At full flowering stage, the ratio of budding and flowering branch in the treatment of N 350 g/ (tree · a), P_2O_5 150 g/ (tree · a) , K_2O 150 g/ (tree · a) was the highest N and K_2O fertilizer had great effect on the fruiting of 3 years old cashew. The yield increased with N application increase in the range of 250 to 450 g/ (tree · a) . The optimum combination was N_3P_1K_2, the application rate of N 450 g/ (tree · a), P_2O_5 90 g/ (tree · a) and K_2O 150 g/ (tree · a) could promote plant fruiting of 3 years old cashew. The yield of 3 years old cashew had significant positive correlation with leaf K content (0. 43% ～0.47% ) during initial flowering stage and leaf N content (1. 89% ～2. 20% ) during full flowering and fruiting stage.%采用L9(34)正交设计,探讨氮、磷、钾肥配施对幼龄腰果植株生长和结果的影响.试验结果表明,对于2龄腰果植株,最佳施肥组合为N_1P_1K_1,年施氮(N)150 g/株、磷(P_2O_5) 50 g/株和钾(K_2O) 50 g/株处理,可以促进植株生长;对于3龄腰果植株,年施氮250～450 g/株处理,植株的冠幅、株高增量随着氮施用量增加而增大,磷、钾影响不显著;现蕾期和初花期,P_2O_5 90 g/株和K_2O 200 g/株处理的植株现蕾、开花枝梢比例最高,施氮影响不显著;盛花坐果期,施N 350 g/株、P_2O_5 150 g/株和K_2O 150 g/株处理的植株现蕾开花枝梢比例最高.氮和钾对3龄植株结果影响较大,年施N 250～450 g/株处理,平均株产量随着氮施用量的增加而增加,最佳施肥组合为N_3P_1K_2,施N 450 g/株、P_2O_5 90 g/株和K_2O 150 g/株处理,可以促进3龄腰果植株结果.3龄植株腰果产量与初花期叶片钾(K)含量(0.43%～0.47%)和盛花坐果期叶片N含量(1.89%～2.20%)呈直线显著正相关.