2008～2009年,利用田间试验研究了优化施肥、单施有机肥、有机无机配施和习惯施肥对水旱轮作体系下水稻和春小麦产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤肥力的影响.结果表明,施肥都能提高水稻和春小麦的子粒和秸秆产量.同等养分供应下,优化施肥处理的增产效果最佳,其次是有机无机配施.不同施肥处理对水稻和春小麦地上部总吸氮量都有显著影响,水稻当季氮肥利用率为10.4％～37.0％,春小麦为11.7％ ～ 35.9％.施用有机肥有利于土壤有机质、全氮、C/N比和土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的提高.水旱轮作下土壤干湿交替也有利于土壤有效养分的提高.综合考虑作物增产、氮肥利用率和土壤培肥等因素,本试验水旱轮作体系下,有机无机配施是最佳的施肥措施.%In order to investigate the effects of different fertilization with optimum chemical fertilizers, single organic manure , combination of organic manure and chemical fertilizers and conventional fertilization on paddy rice and spring wheat yield, N utilization and soil fertility in a paddy-upland crops rotation system, a field experiment was conducted from 2008 to 2009. The results indicated that fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of paddy rice and spring wheat in contrast to CK (no any fertilizers) ; And at the same level of nutrients supplying, the highest and secondary yield increment were in treatment optimum chemical fertilizers and combination of organic manure and chemical fertilizers, respectively. The total shoot N uptake of paddy rice and spring wheat were significantly different from fertilization treatments. Apparent N recovery in paddy rice season was ranged from 10. 4% to 37. 0% , and which in spring wheat season ranged from 11. 7% to 35. 9% . Application of organic manure was in favor of increasing the soil organic matter, total N, soil available nitrogen, Olsen-P, available K and C/N ratio. Soil alternate drying-wetting was also propitious to enhance the availability of soil nutrients under paddy-upland rotation condition. Considering of crops yield increasing, apparent N recovery and soil fertility, combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers was the optimal fertilization practice in the paddy-upland crops rotation system in this experiment.
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