有机、无机添加剂改良反酸田水稻生长效果研究

摘要

Pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic and inorganic amendments on growth of rice in acid regurgitation field.The results showed that the grain yields of treatments with calcium magnesium phosphate,lime and self-study amendment were significantly higher than those of other ameliorative treatments.Furthermore,the grain yields of these treatments increased by 32.2 times,22.2 times and 19.5 times compared with NPK treatment.Meanwhile,the plant height,maximum root length,dry weight of root and plant of treatments with calcium magnesium phosphate,lime and self-study amendment were obviously higher in comparison to other treatments.Compared to NPK treatment,the plant height of these treatments increased by 60.4％,62.5％,56.3％,respectively.And the dry weight of root and plant of three treatments increased by 891.7％,626.4％,502.8％ and 1 148.0％,699.3％,573.6％,respectively.Organic and inorganic amendments were able to improve the pH partly in paddy soil,especially for amendments of lime,self-study amendment and calcium magnesium phosphate,the soil pH of these treatments were more than 4.5,and significantly higher than those of other ameliorative treat merits.In short,treatments with calcium magnesium phosphate,lime and self-study amendment could effectively enhance soil pH,improve the growth of rice and increase grain yields significantly,which were considered as the practical and effective amendments in acid regurgitation field.In addition,humus acid,refine organic fertilizer,alkalinity organic fertilizer,alkali residue,fly ash and powdered rock phosphate were able to improve biological characteristics of rice to some extent;However,the soil acidity was not reduced significantly.%采用盆栽试验研究不同有机、无机添加剂对反酸田水稻生长的影响.结果表明:钙镁磷肥+ NK处理、石灰+ NPK处理、自研改良剂+NPK处理的水稻产量极显著高于其它改良处理,且较NPK处理的产量分别提高了32.2倍、22.2倍、19.5倍;株高、最长根长、根系干重及植株干重均显著高于其它各处理,与NPK处理比较,株高分别增加60.4％、62.5％、56.3％,根系干重分别增加891.7％、626.4％、502.8％,植株干重分别增加1 148.0％、699.3％、573.6％.有机、无机添加剂能在一定程度上改善水稻土壤pH值,尤其是添加石灰、自研改良剂和钙镁磷肥处理的pH值均高于4.5,显著高于其他各处理.综上可知,钙镁磷肥、石灰与自研改良剂均能有效提高土壤pH值,显著改善水稻生长并提高稻谷产量,是改良反酸田行之有效的添加物.而腐植酸、精制有机肥、碱性有机肥、碱渣、粉煤灰及磷矿粉能在一定程度上改善水稻生物学特性,但并未显著降低土壤酸度.