河北省典型棉区土壤养分特征及养分管理技术

摘要

在河北省不同区域棉区选择代表县市,通过调查分析和氮、磷、钾3414试验的方法,研究冀南棉区、冀中南棉区及滨海盐渍土棉区的土壤氮、磷、钾养分丰缺现状和养分管理技术。结果表明：冀南棉区土壤速效钾含量偏低成为本区域的制约因素,养分调控原则为稳氮、补磷、増钾, N、 P2 O5、 K2 O适宜用量分别为135、110、150 kg/hm2,专用肥适宜配方为15-13-17；冀中南棉区土壤速效养分含量较为均衡,养分调控原则为稳氮、稳磷、补钾, N、 P2 O5、 K2 O适宜用量分别为140、90、120 kg/hm2,专用肥适宜配方为18-12-15；滨海盐渍土棉区土壤养分含量极度不平衡,土壤有效磷含量极低、速效钾含量很高,养分调控原则为控氮、增磷、控钾,N、P2 O5、 K2 O适宜用量分别为135、130、90 kg/hm2,专用肥适宜配方为17-16-12。%The soil nutrient characteristics and nutrient management in different cotton regions of Hebei were studied combi-ning investigation and analysis methods and NPK“3414” experiment. The results showed that the deficiency of the available K was the limiting factor for cotton yield in the South region of Hebei. In this region the main strategies of nutrient manage-ment for cotton were nitrogen control, and phosphorus and potassium supplement. The suitable rates of N, P2 O5 and K2 O for cotton were 135, 110 and 150 kg/hm2 and the suitable ratio of N-P2 O5 -K2 O for special cotton fertilizer was 15-13-17. In Middle-South region of Hebei, the soil nutrient was relatively balanced. The main strategies of nutrient management in this area were nitrogen and phosphorus control and potassium supplement. The suitable application rates of N, P2 O5 and K2 O were 140, 90 and 120 kg/hm2 . The suitable ratio of N-P2 O5 -K2 O for special cotton fertilizer was 18-12-15. In Coastal saline soil region of Hebei, the soil nutrients content were extremely imbalanced. The available P content was very low and the available K content was very high. The management strategies were nitrogen and potassium reduced and phos-phorus supplement. The suitable application rate of N, P2 O5 and K2 O were 135, 130 and 90 kg/hm2 . The suitable ratio of N-P2 O5 -K2 O for special cotton fertilizer was 17-16-12.