微喷水肥一体化提高冬小麦产量与品质

摘要

In order to explore the reasonable model of nitrogen application and irrigation of winter wheat for water-saving and nitrogen-saving in southern Shanxi province,nine models were researched to reveal the effect of integral control of miro-sprinkling with fertilization on the population dynamics,nutrient use efficiency,grain yield and grain quality.The results showed:1.the effects of water-nitrogen interaction on tiller number per plant,panicle number and yield were highly significant.The highest yield of winter wheat was under the treatment of micro-sprinkling four times (W2,at pre-winter,jointing,booting and grain filling stages) with optimized N fertilization (N3,by total N 225 kg · hm-2,60％ basal + 30％ topdressing at jointing stage + 10％ topdressing at grain filling).Compared with common urea (flood irrigation at pre-winter,jointing stages,farmer habitual N usage),tillers per plant enhanced by 13％ at pre-winter stage,yield and nitrogen uptake rate increased by 9.36％ and 61.8％,respectively.2.Under the same irrigation mode,there were significant difference between different nitrogen treatments.When micro-sprinkling times was three,the target nitrogen treatment (N2) had the highest yield;When micro-sprinkling times was four,the optimized N fertilization treatment (N3) had the highest yield.Compared with farmer habitual N usage treatments,nitrogen uptake rate by N3 increased by 61.8％.3.Under the same nitrogen mode,highest yield of winter wheat was under the treatments of micro-sprinkling four times.Comprehensive analysis of the water and nitrogen treatment combinations,the model of W2N3 obtained highest yield,nitrogen uptake rate,water-saving and nitrogen-saving,and the best grain quality.Therefore,the model of W2N3was recommended for water-saving and nitrogen-saving in annual doubleripe crop (winter wheat/summer maize) area in southern Shanxi province.%为了探明山西南部麦区节水省氮合理运筹模式,通过田间试验研究了9个水氮组合模式对冬小麦群体动态、氮肥利用率、籽粒产量及品质的影响.结果表明:1.水氮互作对冬小麦拔节期单株分蘖、成穗数和籽粒产量均有极显著影响.以微喷4次(W2,越冬水、拔节水、孕穗水和灌浆水)和优化施氮(N3,施氮N 225kg·hm-2,60％底施+30％拔节期追施+10％灌浆期追施)水氮一体化组合处理产量最高,与CK(越冬期和拔节期漫灌,习惯施氮)相比,冬前单株分蘖增加13％,产量和氮肥表观利用率分别提高9.36％和61.8％.2.相同灌水模式下,不同施氮处理间差异显著,其中微喷3次以目标产量施氮(N2)的产量最高;微喷4次以优化施氮(N3)产量最高,与习惯施氮(N1)相比,氮肥表观利用率提高了61.8％.3.相同施氮模式下,以微喷4次的产量最高.综合分析各水氮处理组合以W2N3的小麦产量和氮肥表观利用率均为最高,且节水节肥、籽粒品质最优,因此,推荐该模式为山西省南部小麦/玉米一年两熟区的节水节肥减施增效水氮运筹模式.