叶面喷施Ca和Mg肥影响三月红荔枝果皮着色的初步机理

摘要

The study of the primary mechanisms on effects of Ca and Mg applied in foliar nutrients on the pericarp's coloring was conducted with Sanyuehong litchi fruits.The treatments included spraying the Ca,Mg solutions and their mixtures,and the check(CK)was sprayed with clean water.The results were the following:in the course of the development of the pericarp's reddening,the different foliar nutrients treatments and CK all improved the contents of the corresponding elements in pericarp.The partial correlation coefficients between the content of total Ca and the water-soluble K,the total Mg and the total Ca,the water-soluble K and the total Mg,the water-soluble Mg and the total Ca were significant positive in all the treatments and CK.The multiple correlation coefficients between one of the contents of the total and the water-soluble K,Ca and Mg and the other five ones rest were respectively significant.The treatment Ca+Mg successfully solved the problem that the peel kept green at the total soluble sugar in flesh rising to the top,and the treatment Mg successfully solved the problem that the total soluble sugar in flesh dropped at the percarp's full reddening.The higher content of the water-soluble Mg in pericarp of the treatment Mg and CK was the key factor for improving the pericarp's reddening,the higher content of the total Ca in pericarp of the treatment Ca was the key factor for improving the pericarp's reddening,and the higher content of Ca and water-soluble Mg in pericarp of the treatment Ca+Mg was the key factor for improving the pericarp's reddening.To the different treatments and CK,the exponential regression equations of the contents of the anthocyanin to those of the total Mg,the water-soluble Ca and the total Ca in pericarp indicated significant respectively positive correlations,while the exponential regression equations of the contents of the chlorophyll to those of the water-soluble Ca in pericarp were significant respectively negative correlations.In conclusion,the element Ca and Mg had a synergistic effect on the growth and development of pericarp in Sanyuehong litchi,and different treatments promoted peel coloration by increasing the contents of Ca and Mg.%以三月红荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.cv Sanyuehong)成年树为试材,以叶面喷施 Ca、Mg 肥以及它们的混合液为处理,以清水为对照(CK),探讨叶面喷施 Ca 和 Mg 肥对三月红荔枝果皮着色影响的初步机理.结果表明,叶面喷施不同的肥料可以明显提高果皮同种矿质元素的含量;不同处理和 CK 的果皮水溶性 K 含量与全 Ca 含量、水溶性 K 含量与全 Mg 含量、水溶性 Mg 含量与全 Ca 含量以及全Ca 含量与全 Mg 含量的偏相关系数均达到显著水平,水溶性和全量 K、Ca 和 Mg 含量之一分别与其余 5 种含量间的复相关系数达到极显著水平;Ca+Mg 处理解决了三月红荔枝果皮"滞绿"问题,Mg 处理解决了三月红荔枝果肉"退糖"问题;Mg 处理和 CK 的果皮水溶性 Mg 含量较高,是促进其果皮红色着色的主导因素,Ca 处理的果皮全 Ca 含量较高,是促进其果皮红色着色的主导因素,Ca+Mg 处理的果皮水溶性 Mg 含量以及全 Ca 含量较高,是促进其果皮红色着色的主导因素;不同处理和 CK 的果皮全 Mg、水溶性 Ca、全 Ca 含量均与其花色素苷含量呈正相关指数函数回归关系,不同处理和 CK 的果皮水溶性 Ca 含量均与叶绿素含量呈负相关指数函数关系.可见,在三月红荔枝果皮着色发育过程中,Ca 和 Mg元素具有增益作用,不同的施肥处理通过提高 Ca、Mg 元素的含量而促进果皮着色.