高龄化视野下医疗资源分配的公正性研究

摘要

Considering the acceleration of the aging society during 1950s, industrialized countries, such as United States, started to review whether the scarce health care resources were allocated justly between different age groups. Age⁃based health care rationing, which attempted to limit health care allocation for the elderly, was introduced and initiated a nationwide discussion in both ethical and legal academia. With the promotion of scholars who advocated fair equality of opportunity, Medicare was finally kept to ensure that the elders� fair equality of opportunity and the justice of the health care resources allocation were protected.%考虑到严峻的高龄化形势，20世纪中期以美国为首的发达国家开始审视医疗这一稀缺资源在社会不同年龄群体之间分配的公正性问题。功利主义指导下的年龄标准模型因主张限制向高龄群体分配医疗资源而饱受伦理与法律争议。在机会平等主义学者的推动下， Medicare最终确立了医疗资源应该向高龄人口倾斜的分配模式，从实质上确保了其获取医疗服务的平等性，保障了医疗资源的公正分配。