利用生命周期评价方法分析上海市某区生活垃圾处理的温室气体排放

摘要

通过生命周期评价（LCA）的方法,对上海市某区生活垃圾处理现状及4个不同可选处理方案的温室气体（GHG）排放量进行了分析。结果表明,当前该区生活垃圾处理系统的GHG排放总量为776.42 t CO2eq.,其中填埋、焚烧和堆肥分别占33%、39%和20%,其他处理单元仅占8%。通过4个可选方案的对比表明,采取垃圾分类收集、资源回收、厌氧消化和堆肥残渣焚烧处置等措施可有效降低该区生活垃圾处理系统的GHG排放,其中综合了上述4类措施的优化方案四的GHG减排量最高,达44%。此外,敏感性分析数据表明,生活垃圾的厌氧消化比例对GHG减排影响比较显著,因此厌氧消化可作为可生化垃圾的优先处理技术。%Life cycle assessment（LCA） is applied to study the current situation and four different alternative scenarios of greenhouse gas（GHG） emission from household refuse treatment in a district of Shanghai.The results show that the present total GHG emission is 776.42 t CO2 eq.,of which landfill,incineration and composting contribute 33%,39% and 20% respectively,and other processes only contribute 8%.Compared with four alternative scenarios,we find that the measures such as separate refuse collection,resources recovery,anaerobic digestion and incineration of composting residues can effectively reduce GHG emission from household waste treatment.Among the programs obtained by optimizing all four scenarios,the fourth one has the highest GHG mitigation up to 44%.In addition,sensitivity analyses show that proportion of anaerobic digestion has a significant effect on GHG mitigation,so it could be considered as the preferential technology in treating biodegradable refuse.