邯郸市某冶炼厂周边小麦体内重金属含量研究

摘要

Analyzing the heavy metal pollution of wheat around a smelter in Handan can provide reference for planting crops with scientific methods.This research was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metal in wheat,five wheat samples were collected from farmland at different distances from the smelter in Handan.Then,the contamination levels were analyzed and evaluated by using single pollution index method and Nemerow comparative index method.The results showed that contents of Cd and Pb exceeded the standards,while Cu did not exceed the standards.According to the single pollution index,within 400 meters from the smelter,wheat had heavy Pb contamination,moderate and light Cd contamination.From the smelter between 400 and 1 600 meters,wheat was not polluted by Cd,from the smelter between 800 and 1 600 meters,wheat had moderate Pb contamination.According to the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index,the index between 1.5 and 4.5,within 400 meters from smelter,wheat was heavily polluted,from the smelter between 400 and 1 600 meters,wheat was slightly polluted.There were obvious correlations between pollution level of heavy metal in wheat and distance from the smelter,the pollution index decreases as the distance increases.The wheat in the farm around the smelter is polluted by different degrees of heavy metal,wheat was not suitable for planting in the studied area.%分析邯郸市某冶炼厂周边小麦重金属污染情况,为当地农作物的科学种植提供参考.以邯郸市某冶炼厂周边的小麦为研究对象,研究了距离冶炼厂不同距离5个采样点小麦体内重金属含量,并采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价小麦中3种重金属的污染状况.结果表明,小麦中Cd和Pb含量均出现了不同程度的超现象,Cu含量没有超标.由单因子指数法可知,距冶炼厂400m内,小麦体内Pb重度污染,Cd轻、中度污染;距冶炼厂400～1 600m之间,小麦未被Cd污染;距冶炼厂800～1 600m之间,小麦体内Pb中度污染.由内梅罗综合污染指数可知,综合污染指数在1.5 ～4.5之间,距冶炼厂400m内,为重度污染;400 ～1 600m之间,为轻度污染.小麦体内重金属污染程度与距冶炼厂的距离有明显的相关性,污染指数随着距离增加而降低.冶炼厂周边农田的小麦均受到不同程度的重金属污染,不适合于研究区种植.