全海深潜水器的技术现状和发展综述

摘要

Full Ocean Depth Submersible is indispensable deep-sea diving equipment in the research of hadal trench. This article introduces development history of full ocean depth unmanned submersibles and manned submersibles. Key technologies of full ocean depth manned submersibles are proposed, including quick diving, human factors engineering, buoyancy material, design and manufacture of manned pressure hull, batteries with large capacitance, communication and positioning.%全海深潜水器是海斗深渊科学研究中不可或缺的深海装备。介绍了国内外全海深无人潜水器及全海深载人潜水器的发展现状，提出了快速潜浮、人—机—环境设计、浮力材料、载人舱设计和制造、大容量蓄电池、全海深通信和定位等全海深载人潜水器未来必须攻克的关键技术。