中国高原和日本平原老年人身体素质的比较研究

摘要

目的:对中日高原和平原地区老年人身体素质比较分析, 反映其运动能力和体质状况, 为增进不同海拔地区老年人体质健康, 提高生活质量和延年益寿提供参考依据.方法:选用世居或久居中国青海高原地区 (海拔2 261 m) 和日本仙台平原地区 (20 m) 65～74岁老年人群, 进行握力、仰卧起坐、坐位体前屈、睁眼单脚站立、6分钟走、10米障碍走等身体素质测试, 并对身体素质进行综合评定.结果:1) 日本老年人的绝对力量和相对力量均高于中国老年人, 但无显著性差异.每分钟仰卧起坐日本老年男女均高于中国老年男女, 且差异非常显著 (P<0.01) ;2) 坐位体前屈中国老年男女均高于日本老年男女, 且男子间差异非常显著 (P<0.01) ;3) 睁眼单脚站男子中国老年人高于日本老年人, 而女子日本老年人高于中国老年人, 但均无显著性差异;4) 10 m障碍走日本老年人略高于中国老年人, 但无显著性差异;5) 6分钟走日本男女老年人均高于中国老年人, 且女子间差异显著 (P<0.05) ;6) 体质等级男子间差别并不明显, 而女子间表现了日本略好于中国的趋势.结论:日本老年人的腰腹部及整体力量、速度以及平衡能力、耐力、行走节奏和身体协调性好于中国老年人, 中国老年人的柔韧性好于日本老年人, 而中日老年人的平衡能力水平基本接近, 日本老年人身体素质总体略好于中国老年人.%Objective: Comparative analysis the physical fitness of Qinghai China plateau and Sendai Japan plain elderly, reflect its athletic ability and physical condition, in order to provide reference basis in improving the physical health of the elderly in different altitude areas and enhancing fitness of life and prolonging life. Methods: we chose 65～74 years elderly group who live for generations or a long time in ChinaQinghai plateau (altitude 2261 m) and Sendai Japan plain (20 m above sea level), physical fitness as grip, sitting up, crook proneness, blinking standing on one foot, 6 min walking, 10 m obstacle walking ect were tested, and comprehensive assessment of physical fitness. Results:1) the absolute and relative strength of Japanese elderly is higher than Chinese elderly, but there is no significant difference (P>0.05) ; 2) sitting up every minute of Japanese elder women and men is higher than those of Chineseand there is a very significant difference (P<0.01) ; 3) crook proneness of Chinese elder women and men are higher than Japanese elder women and men and there are a very significant difference in men (P<0.01) ; 4) blinking standing on one foot of Chinese elder men is higher than Japanese elder men, however Japanese elder women are higher than Chinese elder women, but there is no significant difference (P>0.05) ; 5) 6 min walking of Japanese elder women and men is higher than Chinese elder women and men, and there is a significant difference in women (P<0.05) ; 6) 10 m obstacle walking of Japanese elderly is higher than Chinese elderly, but there is no significant difference (P>0.05) ; 7) there is no significant difference between men in physical level, but Japan is better than China between women. Conclusion: The strength of waist and abdomen, overall strength, speed, balance ability, endurance, walking rhythm and physical coordination of Japanese elderly are better than Chinese elderly, the flexibility of Chinese elderly is better than that of Japanese elderly, while the balance ability of Chinese and Japanese elderly is basically close, and shows that the physical fitness of the Japanese elderly is generally better than that of the Chinese elderly.