北京地区梨园土壤养分状况调查与分析

摘要

To know the current soil nutrient status in pear orchards in Beijing area , the soil pH and min-eral nutrient in 51 typical pear orchards were investigated .The results showed that the pear orchards with soil pH value of 6.5~7.5 only occupied 56.60%.And the soil pH in other 43.40%pear orchards was too low or too high.The soil organic matter content in 54.90%pear orchards ranged from 1.00%to 2.00%, and that in 29 .41%pear orchards was less than 1 .00%.46 .16%pear orchards had lower total nitrogen content in soil . But the soil available P and K contents were relatively higher .30 .19%pear orchards had excessive soil avail-able zinc .96 .22% pear orchards had higher exchangeable calcium content .The exchangeable magnesium content in 94 .34% pear orchards was above medium level .However , the soil available iron content in 84 .91%pear orchards was too low .Therefore , adjusting the soil pH value , applying organic fertilizer incorpo-rated with nitrogen fertilizer , adding iron fertilizer and decreasing zinc fertilizer were the emphases of soil nu-trient management in future in pear orchards in Beijing .%为了解目前北京地区梨园土壤养分状况，对51个有代表性的梨园土壤pH值及矿质养分含量进行了调查。结果表明，仅有56．60％的调查梨园土壤pH值在6．5～7．5，43．40％的土壤pH值过高或过低；54．90％的梨园土壤有机质含量在1．00％～2．00％，29．41％的有机质含量低于1．00％；46．16％的调查梨园土壤全氮含量较低；而土壤有效磷和速效钾含量相对较高；30．19％的梨园土壤中有效锌过量，96．22％的梨园交换性钙含量较高，94．34％的梨园土壤交换性镁含量在中等以上水平，但84．91％的梨园土壤有效铁含量过低。因此，调节土壤pH值；重视施用有机肥并且有机肥与氮肥配施；注意补充铁肥，减少锌肥的使用量等是今后北京地区梨园土壤养分管理的重点。