山东省典型种植模式农业投入要素和结构研究

摘要

The positive mathematical programming (PMP)model was used to analyze the each factor in-put,unit benefit and input -output difference in different scale farms with 3 typical cropping patterns,inclu-ding grain crops,greenhouse vegetables and open -field vegetables,in Shandong Province.The results showed that the unit benefit of each agricultural input factor of grain crop farms with scale of 23.3 ~33.3 hm2 and above 66.7 hm2 were higher than that of other scale one,which indicated that the farm structures with the 2 scales were more reasonable.Meanwhile,the structures of greenhouse vegetable farms with scales of 1.3 ~3.3 hm2 and open -field vegetable farms with scales of below 2.0 hm2 were more reasonable.Therefore,the proper scale and input factor in each typical cropping pattern was various.To reasonably improve the input factor based on farm pattern and scale was the necessary approach to improve farm profit and develop modern-ized agriculture.%利用 PMP 模型分析了山东省粮食作物、大棚蔬菜和露地蔬菜3种典型种植模式各要素投入和单位收益以及不同规模农户之间投入要素和产出的差异。结果表明：粮食作物23．3～33．3 hm2和66．7 hm2以上规模个体的各个投入要素单位收益均高于其他规模个体，说明这两个规模农场的要素投入结构较为合理高效；而大棚蔬菜1．3～3．3 hm2规模个体的投入要素结构较为适宜；露地蔬菜2．0 hm2以下规模个体的投入要素结构较为合理高效。由此可见，不同种植模式内适宜规模和投入要素均有差异，因地制宜，根据种植规模合理改善投入要素是提高个体收益、发展现代化农业的必要途径。