根据3次赴青海玉树MS7.1地震灾害现场进行的考察和调查,结合对当地自然环境和人文与社会经济条件的分析,从地震致灾成害、应急救援和恢复重建等多种角度,总结分析了玉树7.1级地震灾害在正反两个方面的一些整体特点.致使灾情严重和加大救援与重建难度的特点是:地震震中与居民点间的叠加效应和灾害分布的构造控制效应明显,灾害严重,灾区广大,重灾区集中；环境恶劣,高寒缺氧,救灾难度大；建筑物抗震能力低,破坏严重；生命线系统单薄而脆弱,生命线震害的连带影响大；城镇人口建筑密集,缺乏避难场地；民众受教育水平低,语言不通,交流困难,防震减灾知识匮乏,影响救灾效率.利于减轻灾害影响和利于应急救援与恢复重建的特点主要是:民众自有帐篷多且游牧民族习惯于帐篷生活,便于安置,并能很快适应；宗教氛围浓郁,当地僧侣和寺院在抗震救灾阶段发挥了重要作用,在恢复重建过程中,宗教信仰在精神层面的影响将更加持久、深远.初步归纳总结了减轻青藏高原地区地震灾害的部分经验与启示.%On April 14th,2010,a strong earthquake of Ms 7. 1 hit the Yushu County in Qinghai Province, which brought about a large number of casualties and economic losses. Based on the three times of investigation to the quake-hit area,and the analysis of natural environment,humanities and social economical conditions, the general characteristics of the earthquake hazard are summarized from the point of view of origin of earthquake disaster, emergency rescue and reconstruction. There are the following factors that make the disaster serious and the rescue operation and reconstruction more difficult, such as,the overlapping of epicenter with residential quarters and the fault-controlled damage distribution. Consequently, the damage is serious and the quake-hit area is large, and the severely affected areas are concentrated; The environment in Yushu is harsh, high in attitude, cold and oxygen deficient, thus the relief was difficu The low anti-seismic ability of buildings there makes the destruction more serious; The lifeline infrastructures are vulnerable and inadequate, and the damage to them caused large associated damage; The buildings and population in urban area are dense,which partly led to the lack of shelters; People commonly have a poor education and can't speak Chinese, thus difficult to communicate. In addition, there is lack of knowledge of earthquake disaster prevention and reduction, thus affecting the efficiency of disaster relief. The factors that are beneficial to earthquake disaster reduction, emergency rescue and reconstruction are; Tents can easily be acquired owing to the living habit of the nomadic peoples,so people there can accommodate themselves to the particular circumstances; The Yushu area has a strong religious atmosphere, and the local monks and temples have played an important role in the earthquake relief work. Finally, this paper comes up with some experience and revelations about the earthquake disaster reduction in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau preliminarily.
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