论农村宅基地的保值增值退出

摘要

宅基地以保值增值的方式退出,有利于优化城乡土地资源配置、提高土地利用效益,也是实现宅基地顺利退出的关键.从宅基地的价值、产权结构、增值收益分配和农民地位等角度探索了宅基地保值增值的内涵.从农民财产、宅基地属性演变、农民收入变化、融资能力和农村市场发育等角度分析了宅基地保值增值的意义.宅基地的保值增值退出,对缓解新增建设用地矛盾、城乡统一土地市场建设、土地增值收益分配制度改革、明晰政府与市场的边界、农民社会地位提升等具有重要的意义.现阶段,宅基地以保值增值退出在宅基地退出后的供需平衡、宅基地产权结构、市场化退出机制、政府不当干预和农民自身维权能力等方面仍存在一定的障碍,对此提出了相应的对策.%By maintenance and appreciation of values,the exit of rural residential land is beneficial to optimize the allocation of land resources between urban and rural and improve the efficiency of land use.Moreover,it is the key to successfully realize the exit of rural residential land.This study explores the connotation of maintenance and appreciation of values from the perspectives of the values,the structure of property rights of rural residential land,the distribution of land incremental benefits and the status of farmers,and analyzes the significances of exiting from rural residential land by maintenance and appreciation of values in the fields of farmers` property,the property evaluation of rural residential land,farmers` incomes,financing ability of the farmers` and the prosperity of the rural land markets.The exit of rural residential land by maintenance and appreciation of values can alleviate the contradiction of supply and demand of new constructive land,contributes to the construction of the united land markets between city and countryside,promote the reform of the distribution of land incremental benefits,and it also is of importance to clear the boundary between government and market and to improve the position of farmers.There are still some obstacles in the balance of supply and demand of exiting form rural residential land,the property structure of rural residential land,the marketed exit mechanism,the improper interventions by government,self-protection ability of farmers.Then,the paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures.