杨小舟蛾（鳞翅目：舟蛾科）的生殖行为

摘要

Objective]Micromelalopha sieversi ( Staudinger) ( Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) is one of the most serious leaf-eating pests of poplar trees in China and has caused environmental damage and economic losses severely. The sex pheromone is an important means for monitoring and controlling the pest,thus,the study on adult reproductive behavior could provide a reliable basis for the extraction and identification of the sex pheromone and for its practical application.[Method]The emergence,calling,and mating behavior of the moth were observation,and the transfer dynamics of sperms was analyzed during mating process.[Result]Results showed that the female moth had a clear circadian rhythm of calling behavior with two peaks of 4:00 and 21:00,and in light period,there was no calling behavior. The successful mating was a complex process, including flying, crawling and wings flapping when it was gradually the dark, ovipositor and pheromone gland extending,body posture adjusting later. In some cases the 1d old female moth could also complete the process through a brief flying and crawling without releasing sex pheromone. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in calling rate and mating rate among several treatments of different ages. The durations of calling, mating and sperm ejaculating significantly reduced as the age in days increased ( P<0 . 05 ) . The total number of eupyrene sperm bundles,which stored in seminal vesicle and ejaculatory duct of male moth,increased as the age increased until 3rd day,and the ejaculatory amount among different ages had no significant differences.[Conclusion]The sex pheromone of Micromelalopha sieversi plays an important role in contacting and promoting the chemical communication and reproductive behavior. Furthermore,Micromelalopha sieversi takes the differential reproductive behavior strategy dependent on variant physical condition,population size and female-male proportion.%【目的】研究杨小舟蛾的生殖行为，为利用性信息素对该虫种群进行监测和无公害防治提供参考。【方法】采集第3代老熟幼虫自然下树化蛹后的杨小舟蛾蛹，羽化后对杨小舟蛾的求偶、交配行为进行观察统计，并对精子在交配过程中的转移动态进行分析。【结果】杨小舟蛾雌蛾有着明显的求偶时辰节律，存在2个求偶高峰，分别是4：00和21：00，其中19：00—21：00为日求偶最高峰时段；光期不存在求偶现象。杨小舟蛾有2种求偶方式，除了典型的通过释放性信息素求偶外，也可仅通过飞舞追逐、不释放性信息素迅速完成求偶、交配过程，这种情况一般发生在1日龄成虫中。不同日龄的杨小舟蛾平均求偶率无显著差异，平均交配率也无显著差异，平均求偶时长、平均交配时长、射精完成时间均随日龄增加逐渐缩短，呈现显著性差异(P＜0.05)；雄蛾体内真核精子束数量随日龄增加而增大，3天后达到稳定数量；不同日龄雄蛾首次交配射精时转移真核精子束数量无显著差异。【结论】性信息素对杨小舟蛾雌、雄间化学信息通信和生殖行为起着重要的联系和促进作用，个体会依据自身生理状况、所在种群的大小、雌雄比例采取差异化的生殖行为策略。