星天牛幼虫人工饲料的饲养效果及温度对其生长的影响

摘要

[Objective]The citrus longhorned beetle,Anoplophora chinensis,is an important trunk borer and has an extensive host range. It is difficult to control the beetle as it is hidden in the truck and has a long larvae duration. A method for rearing the beetle is required to underpin studies of the biology and management,therefore the objective of this study was to compare insect performance on candidate artificial diets and temperature regimes.[Method]A. chinensis was reared on four different diets over three successive generations and the effect of different temperature regimes on development of A. chinensis was investigated.[Result]The results showed that A. chinensis was able to complete life cycle on the four artificial diets but with different pupation rates and emergence rates. Two diets ( Diet A and D ) based on sawdust of Casuarina equisetifolia and wheat bran gave good performance over 3 generations of A. chinensis. Pupation rates over three generations on Diet A were 100%,90% and 95%,respectively and emergence rates were 100%,83% and 90%,respectively. Pupation rates on Diet D were 87%,78% and 87%,respectively and emergence rates were 87%, 67% and 80%,respectively. In addition,the rearing with these two diets showed that pupation and adult emergence rates were higher and more synchronized under fluctuating ( all completed in April to May,the times of pupation and emergence were consistent with those observed in field) rather than constant temperatures. The times of pupation and emergence at constant temperatures were extended and highly variable. The larval weight gain over time was assessed under fluctuating and constant temperatures,showing that larval weight peaked at week 16 -20 depending on diet,and then declined until pupation or death. The larval weight under fluctuating temperatures peaked at week 16 ( late November ) and larval weights on Diet D (2. 077 g) were significantly higher than on Diet A (1. 685 g) . Under constant temperature (28 ℃) , the larval weight peaked at week 16 on Diet D and peaked at week 20 on Diet A.[Conclusion]A. chinensis larvae can complete life cycle with high pupation and emergence rates,when being successively reared on Diet A and D. Temperature conditions affect the determination of the timing of A. chinensis pupation and adult emergence. Although a larval chill period is not essential,it does increase the pupation rate and synchronize development time. These findings provide a valuable resource for culturing A. chinensis,specifically by identifying suitable artificial diets and the temperature effects on larval development. The results could also provide reference for rearing other cerambycid.%【目的】研究星天牛人工饲料、饲养方法及温度对其生长发育的影响，为防治技术研究提供大量、生理标准统一的试虫。【方法】通过连续3年在4种不同配比的人工饲料上连续传代饲养星天牛，研究不同人工饲料配方的饲养效果；比较室内自然温度和恒温模式下星天牛在人工饲料上的化蛹和羽化情况；同时定期测定星天牛幼虫在不同饲料、不同温度模式下的体质量变化。【结果】星天牛幼虫在4种不同配方的人工饲料上均可完成生活史并传代饲养，但其化蛹率、羽化率在不同饲料上差异显著，其中以同时含有木麻黄锯屑和麦麸的 Diet A 和 Diet D上饲养效果较好。在 Diet A 上，3代(持续3年)星天牛幼虫化蛹率依次为100%，90%和95%，羽化率依次为100%，83%和90%；在 Diet D 上，3代星天牛化蛹率依次为87%，78%和87%，羽化率依次为87%，67%和80%。在室内自然温度模式下，星天牛幼虫的化蛹率和羽化率较恒温模式(25℃和28℃)下高，且化蛹和羽化时间整齐一致(均在4—5月，与林间观察一致)；而在恒温模式下化蛹和羽化时间明显延迟，且无规律性。人工饲料饲养条件下，星天牛幼虫体质量先增加，达到最大值后逐渐减小，直至化蛹或死亡。星天牛幼虫在 Diet D 上的体质量增长速度较其在 Diet A上快，体质量最大值及到达时间因饲料种类、温度模式的不同而存在差异；在室内自然温度模式下，星天牛幼虫在饲养16周(11月下旬)后达到最大值，且在 Diet D上的幼虫平均体质量(2.077 g)显著高于在Diet A上的体质量(1.685 g)。而在恒温模式(28℃)下，星天牛幼虫平均体质量在 Diet D上饲养16周后达到最大值(2.106 g)，而在 Diet A上饲养20周后达到最大值(1.785 g)。【结论】星天牛幼虫可在筛选出的人工饲料 Diet A和Diet D上连续传代饲养并完成生活史，饲养效果稳定，化蛹率和羽化率高；温度条件是决定星天牛化蛹时间的重要因素，星天牛幼虫在发育过程中不一定需要低温滞育，但是其存在可以提高星天牛幼虫的化蛹率和促进化蛹、羽化的一致性。研究结果为星天牛提供了人工饲料及方法，可为科学研究提供大量试虫，同时通过人工饲养有助于更深入了解其生物学特性；研究结果也可为其他天牛类蛀干害虫幼虫的饲养提供参考。