温度对马铃薯甲虫分布的影响——以新疆吐鲁番地区夏季高温对其羽化的影响为例

摘要

[Objective] The objective of this study is to establish a causal relationship between dispersal of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and temperature,suggesting that temperature is the key limiting factor preventing Colorado potato beetle to colonize in Turpan area,Xinjiang,China.And to provide an empirical basis for the sustainable management of Colorado potato beetle.[Method] The emergency rates of the Colorado potato beetle larvae were observed under different temperatures and different times.And the critical high-temperature tolerance of Colorado potato beetle emergence was obtained.Combined vith the historical climate data of Xinjiang,spatial analysis function of ArcGIS software was used to create a distribution map of the daily mean maximum temperatures of the Xinjiang in summer.[Result] With the increasing of temperature,the eclosion rate of Colorado potato beetle larvae was gradually decreased,and the developmental duration was gradually extended.When the temperature reached 39℃,the emergence rate approached zero,the critical high temperature of Colorado potato beetle eclosion tolerance was 39℃,and at the same time,the tolerance duration at temperature of 39℃ was 72 h.[Conclusion] Summer temperature in Turpan area can rise above 39℃ and lasts for more than a month.The extreme heat prevents Colorado potato beetle from colonizing in local areas and limits beetle's dispersal eastward.It is necessary to strengthen the inspection and quarantine measures to prevent spreading of Colorado potato beetle eastward through human-facilitated transmission.This precautionary measure is critical for the sustainable production of potatoes and other SoIanaceae crops.%[目的]明确马铃薯甲虫至今未在新疆吐鲁番地区定殖是否与温度有关,以及温度在其扩散中的作用,为中国马铃薯甲虫的持续防控提供依据.[方法]以马铃薯甲虫4龄幼虫为研究对象,在不同温度条件下处理不同时间后观察羽化情况,得出马铃薯甲虫羽化耐受的临界高温,同时结合新疆历史气候资料,运用ArcGIS软件的空间分析功能,对夏季平均最高温度的空间分布格局进行研究.[结果]随着温度的升高,马铃薯甲虫4龄幼虫羽化率逐渐下降,发育历期逐渐延长；当温度达到39℃时,羽化率趋近于0,马铃薯甲虫羽化过程中耐受的临界高温为39℃,同时,该温度下耐受的临界时间为72 h.[结论]吐鲁番地区夏季持续一个月以上的39℃以上高温,阻止了马铃薯甲虫在该地成功定殖.夏季高温天气阻碍了马铃薯甲虫通过吐鲁番地区继续向东扩散,应当加强检验检疫措施,防止马铃薯甲虫通过人为携带途径继续向东扩散.