一个黄麻矮秆种质株高性状对外源激素的敏感性

摘要

[Objective]The aim of this study was to illuminate the sensibility of the exogenous hormones to plant height of a dwarf germplasm Aidianyehuangma so as to determine which kind of hormone sensitivity this germplasm belongs to, which will facilitate dissecting the relationship between the genetic basis of plant height and hormonal regulation in jute.[Method]Firstly, the performance of important agricultural traits, e.g. plant height, were compared between Aidianyehuangma and the variety Huangma 179 with normal plant height. Secondly, the dwarf germplasm of Aidianyehuangma was treated with different concentrations of exogenous GA3, IAA and BR. And the hypocotyl length in the Ms culture media and plant height variation in the field were investigated. Meanwhile, the hypocotyl length of Huangma 179 and Aidianyehuangma on the GA3 culture media was evaluated. Thirdly, the effects of continuous spraying of 100 mg·L-1 GA3 every 3 days on plant height of Aidianyehuangma were analyzed. Furthermore, the activities ofα-amylase of Aidianyehuangma were analyzed after it was once treated with GA3. [Result] The comparison analysis of important agricultural traits showed that the plant height of Aidianyehuangma (1.89 m) was significantly lower than that of Huangma 179 (4.28 m) without exogenous hormone treatment, indicating that Aidianyehuangma is a typical dwarf germplasm in jute. After being treated with MS culture media of 0.1 mg.L-1 exogenous IAA and BR, the hypocotyl length of Aidianyehuangma did not show a significant difference with that of the control. However, after being treated with MS culture media of 0.1 mg·L-1 exogenous GA3, the hypocotyl length of Aidianyehuangma showed a significant difference compared with Aidianyehuangma without being treated with GA3, and the hypocotyl length of Aidianyehuangma and Huangma 179 was similar to that of Huangma 179 without being treated with GA3. It suggested that the plant height of Aidianyehuangma is sensitive to exogenous GA3 while that of Huangma 179 is not sensitive to the exogenous GA3. After being treated with different concentrations of exogenous hormone in the field, plant height of Aidianyehuangma with high concentration (100 mg·L-1) of GA3 was significantly higher than that with the other two lower concentrations of GA3. By contrast, plant height of Aidianyehuangma treated with different concentrations of exogenous IAA and BR did not show a significant difference with that of the control. It further suggested that Aidianyehuangma is a GA3 sensitive dwarf germplasm. After being treated with 100 mg·L-1 exogenous GA3 continuously in the field, the plant height of Aidianyehuangma showed a significant difference in comparison of Aidianyehuangma without being treated with GA3, reaching a significant level, and appoached that of Huangma 179. It showed that plant height of Aidianyehuangma could be resumed using exogenous GA3. After Aidianyehuangma was once treated with GA3,α-amylase activity of Aidianyehuangma in the first 3 days began to increase in comparison with that before treatment, and enhanced significantly in the first 6 days, which indicated that the exogenous GA3 could increase theα-amylase activity of Aidianyehuangma. [Conclusion]Aidianyehuangma is a typical dwarf germplasm in jute. The plant height of Aidianyehuangma is not sensitive to exogenous IAA and BR, but sensitive to the exogenous GA3, and can be resumed to normal plant height with continuous exogenous GA3 treatment. The exogenous GA3 could increase theα-amylase activity of Aidianyehuangma. Aidianyehuangma is a GA3 sensitive dwarf germplasm.%【目的】探索黄麻矮秆种质爱店野黄麻株高对不同外源激素的敏感性，进而确定该种质属于哪种激素敏感型，为后续利用该矮秆种质剖析黄麻株高的遗传基础与激素调控的关系提供依据。【方法】首先，比较分析爱店野黄麻与正常株高的栽培品种黄麻179株高等重要农艺性状。其次，以爱店野黄麻为材料，用不同浓度的赤霉素（GA 3）、油菜素类固醇（BR）和生长素（IAA）处理，比较分析MS培养基条件下不同处理间下胚轴的长度和叶面喷施大田条件下不同处理间株高的变化；同时，比较分析爱店野黄麻与黄麻179在MS培养基条件下GA 3处理间下胚轴的长度。再次，每隔3 d，叶面喷施一次浓度100 mg·L-1GA3，分析连续喷施GA3对爱店野黄麻株高的恢复程度。继而，分析爱店野黄麻在一次喷施GA 3处理后α-淀粉酶活性的变化。【结果】没有用激素处理条件下，爱店野黄麻和黄麻179株高分别为1.89和4.28 m，两者之间差异达极显著水平，表明爱店野黄麻是一份典型的矮秆种质。在0.1 mg·L-1外源IAA和BR的MS培养基条件下，爱店野黄麻下胚轴与未处理的爱店野黄麻相比，差异不显著；但在0.1 mg·L-1外源GA 3的MS培养基条件下，爱店野黄麻下胚轴长度明显高于未处理的爱店野黄麻，差异达到极显著水平，而且未处理的黄麻179与外源GA 3处理的爱店野黄麻、黄麻179的下胚轴长度相当，初步表明爱店野黄麻为植株体内赤霉素敏感型，外施GA 3后爱店野黄麻下胚轴有显著的增长，黄麻179没有明显的变化。在不同浓度外源激素的大田叶面喷施条件下，高浓度（100 mg·L-1）的GA3处理的爱店野黄麻株高变化量均显著高于另2个较低浓度GA3；但不同浓度IAA和BR处理后，爱店野黄麻株高与未处理的爱店野黄麻对照相比，差异不显著，进一步表明爱店野黄麻为赤霉素敏感型植株。在大田叶面喷施条件下，100 mg·L-1的外源GA 3连续处理后，爱店野黄麻的株高明显高于未处理的爱店野黄麻，差异达到极显著水平，而且其株高接近黄麻179水平，表明外源赤霉素GA3连续处理可以使该矮秆种质植株的株高恢复到正常栽培种的株高水平。酶活性分析试验中，一次喷施100 mg·L-1 GA 3激素处理后，第3天α-淀粉酶活性与处理前相比开始升高，直到第6天，α-淀粉酶活性显著增强，表明GA 3能诱导爱店野黄麻的α-淀粉酶活性提高。【结论】爱店野黄麻是一份典型的黄麻矮秆种质，该种质对外源IAA和BR不敏感，对外源GA3敏感；连续用GA3处理可以恢复其株高，外源GA 3可以诱导其α-淀粉酶活性增强，该种质是GA 3敏感型的矮秆种质资源。