植物病原细菌分类最新进展

摘要

随着人们对植物病原细菌研究的不断深入,细菌分类一直处于一个变化的过程.除了传统的属被拆分成若干个属以外,新属也不断增加,植物病原细菌属的数量已增至近40个.革兰氏阴性细菌中,传统的欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)又分出了4个属:果胶杆菌属(Pectobacterium)、迪基氏菌属(Dickeya)、泛菌属(Pantoea)和布伦纳氏属(Brenneria),导致作物软腐病的胡萝卜果胶杆菌(Pectobacterium carotovorum)和黑腐果胶杆菌(只atrosepticum)最初分别归在胡萝卜欧文氏菌胡萝卜亚种(Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora)和黑腐亚种(subsp.atroseptica);从假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)中分出了雷尔氏菌属(Ralstonia)、伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia)和噬酸菌属(Acidovorax).新种的命名更是层出不穷,迪基氏菌属中已陆续增至8个种,导致玉米细菌性茎腐病和水稻细菌性基腐病的病菌现名为玉米迪基氏菌(Dickeya zeae).有些亚种或致病变种上升为种,导致西瓜细菌性果斑病的病原菌由燕麦噬酸菌西瓜亚种(Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli)变为西瓜噬酸菌(Acidovorax citrulli).很多病原菌的学名经历了数次变更,棉花角斑病的病原原名为野油菜黄单胞菌锦葵致病变种(Xanthomonas campestris pv.malvacearum)和柑橘黄单胞菌锦葵致病变种(X.citri pv.脚lVaCearum),现为地毯草黄单胞菌锦葵致病变种(X.axonopodis pv.malvacearum).革兰氏阳性细菌家族的成员也在不断壮大.国内学者在学名使用上存在落伍和不规范现象.论文对近年来植物病原细菌分类体系的变化进行了梳理,并呈现了新老拉丁文学名的变化过程.关注植物病原细菌分类学的变化,有助于我们的研究工作与国际接轨.%With the deepening of the research on plant pathogenic bacteria,taxonomy on plant pathogenic bacteria has been in a changing process.In addition to the traditional genera were divided into several genera,new genus has been also increasing to nearly 40 genera.Four genera were separated from Erwinia in gram-negative bacteria,such as Pectobacterium,Dickeya,Pantoea and Brenneria.Pectobacterium carotovorum and P.atrosepticum causing soft rot diseases of several crop plants,were originally classified as Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora and subsp.atroseptica,respectively.The genera of Ralstonia,Burkholderia and Acidovorax were separated from Pseudomonas.The naming of new species is also emerging one after another.Now,there are 8 species in Dickeya,the bacteria causing maize bacterial stalk rot and rice bacterial foot rot were reclassified as D.zeae.Some subspecies or pathovar have been upgraded to species.Acidovorax citrulli causing bacterial fruit blotch were originally classified as A.avenae subsp.citrulli.The Latin names of many pathogenic bacteria had experienced several changes.Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.malvacearum causing cotton angular leaf spot were originally classified as X.campestris pv.malvacearum or X.citri pv.malvacearum.Members of the gram-positive bacteria family are also growing.Domestic scholars exist outdated and nonstandard phenomenon in using Latin names.The purpose of this review is to present taxonomy and recent changes of plant pathogenic bacteria,and show the changing process of the old and new Latin names.The focus on plant pathogenic bacteria taxonomy will help to in line with international convention.