中国大学强化知识产权保护对产业技术进步的限制--美国“Bayh-Dole”法案实施效果的启示

摘要

The phenomenon that the increase of universities'patenting in China is very similar to the situation after the pass of Bayh‐Dole Act .Some researchers doubted the effect of this Act .With the strengthening of the intellectual properties for universities ,the rise of the patents from the universities will hamper and constrain the technology spillover from universi‐ties to firms .The licensing of Universities'patent brings very limited financial return for universities ,but it hampers the in‐novations of firms and encourages the universities to allocate resources on applied research instead of academic research . T he quantity and quality of the technology spillovers are negatively influenced .It narrow s the channel of technology spillo‐ver .These activities may hinder the accumulation innovations of firms .This paper suggests that government and public should distinguish the protection of IP between the universities and firms and avoid the strong protection of universities'IP .%近年来中国大学专利数量的急剧上升与美国“Bayh‐dole”法案实施以后大学专利数量急剧上升情况类似。国外一些学者对“Bayh‐Dole”法案实施效果提出了质疑。基于中国数据，发现中国同样存在这些问题。专利技术许可费用占中国大学科技经费的比重微乎其微，但大学专利数量的快速上升却会限制大学向产业的技术溢出；刺激大学的研究偏向应用型从而降低大学向产业界技术溢出的数量和质量；造成大学技术溢出渠道变窄；对企业累积性创新也构成阻碍。这就需要区别对待企业创新和大学创新的知识产权保护问题，降低公立大学知识产权保护力度。