开源软件商业模式结构化分析

摘要

随着开源软件的普及与发展,与之相关的商业模式呈现多样化态势.基于商业模式与软件本身的紧密程度,对11种商业模式进行结构化分析,并将其归纳为四大类:许可证类、直接配套类、间接配套类以及附属产品类.研究表明:(1)直接配套类商业模式的种类比许可证类、间接配套类以及附属产品类均多;(2)企业常采用多种开源软件商业模式的组合策略;(3)不同商业模式所用许可证类别具有很大的差别,大量开源软件逐渐从选择限制性许可证转向宽松许可证.%With the popularization and development of Open Source Software (OSS),the business models related to OSS are diversified.This paper analyzes 11 kinds of OSS business models and divides them into four paradigms according to the close relationship between business system and software itself:licensing-typed profit,selling service profit and indirect supporting,and supporting ancillary products.Every kind of OSS business model has been evaluated and compared based on structured analysis.The result shows that enterprises often use a variety of OSS business models to operate in practice;and the tendency shows a large number of OSS have selected permissive licenses instead of restrictive licenses.