巴西转基因技术产业的监管体系分析及其启示——制度被动创新与技术被垄断的视角

摘要

The system design of the government and the technological innovation of the multinational corporations promote the rapid development of the transgenic technology industry in Brazil.Brazil is currently the world's second largest producer of genetically modified crops,but also the victim of monopoly biotechnology,the system of its technology industrial development is worth thinking about for China.From the regulatory and policy system of the research of genetically modified technology,the study deconstmcts the regulatory system of Brazil GM technology industry,and analyzes the passive development of system in the process of the industrialization of transgenic technology and the dilemma of technology monopoly in Brazil.Finally,the paper proposes that China should improve the existing safety management system,establish a sound risk sharing mechanisms,build technology innovation system with independent intellectual property rights,and balance the development between modem and traditional breeding technology.%政府的制度设计和跨国公司的技术创新促使巴西转基因技术产业发展迅猛,但其生物技术被跨国公司垄断.从转基因技术研究的监管体制和政策体系两个层面系统解构巴西转基因技术产业发展的监管制度体系,并剖析巴西转基因技术产业化进程中的制度被动发展局面以及技术被垄断的产业困境,最后提出对中国的相关政策启示:完善现行的安全管理体系,建立健全风险交流机制,构建具有自主知识产权的技术创新体系,并平衡现代与传统育种技术的发展等.