基于深度和距离感知的三维水下传感器网络路由算法

摘要

Owing that the underwater sensor networks are provided with the characteristics of large depth range, difficult to locate, large transmission loss, difficult to replace batteries, etc, the traditional routing algorithms for 2-dimensional networks and the location based routing algorithms for 3-dimensional networks are unsuitable. In view of these reasons, a novel 3-dimension routing algorithm based on depth and distance sensing, DDSR, is proposed for underwater sensor networks. The node gets its depth via a depth sensor on itself, and calculates the distance to the neighbors via the strength of received signal. And then, it transmits in the upward direction (to the water surface ) and inward direction (to the vertical line of sink node). Simulation results show that DDSR algorithm achieves satisfying performance in the aspects of network energy cost, transmission success rate, and end to end delay, which proves the validity of the proposed scheme in 3-dimensional networks. Furthermore, the DDSR algorithm has a low complexity, and facilitates the practical use.%由于水下传感器网络具有节点深度差大、定位困难、传输损耗大、电池难以更换等特点,针对二维平面网络提出的传统路由算法和基于地理位置的三维网络路由算法均难以适用.鉴于以上原因,提出一种基于节点深度和距离感知的三维水下传感器网络路由算法——DDSR(Depth and Distance Sensing based Routing)算法.路径节点通过自身安装的深度传感器感知深度,通过接收信号的强度计算出相邻节点间的距离,然后按照向上(水面方向)和向内(sink柱面方向)传输的原则完成路由.仿真结果表明,该算法在网络能耗、传输成功率以及端到端延时等方面均取得令人满意的性能,证明了该算法在三维水下传感器网络中的有效性.同时,该方案具有较低的算法复杂度,易于实用化.