针对一种小型振动主动控制系统对振动测量结果不确定度的指标要求,设计并搭建了以压电加速度传感器和微型电荷放大器为主的微型振动检测试验系统,建立了测量结果不确定度评定的数学模型,深入研究了系统重复性测量、压电加速度传感器等测量装置本身、温度等外部环境以及安装因素等九个不确定度来源,并参考ISO 16063-11:1999标准和JJF1059.1-2012的规定,评定了微型振动检测试验系统的振动测量频率和幅值的不确定度.结果表明:振动检测系统测量频率和幅值的不确定度(k=2)分别为3.070%和0.338%,符合指标要求,证明了该系统的设计合理、可行;能够用于小型振动主动控制系统的研制.此外,作出了系统测量结果各类不确定度及分量的分布直方图;对比分析后,针对测量结果不确定度的影响因素,提出了改进振动检测系统的方法,为今后进一步提高同类振动检测系统测量结果的准确度与可信度,提供了可靠的依据与有效的措施.%With the requirement of a small vibration active control system for the indeterminacy of the vibration measurement results, a micro vibration test system based on piezoelectric accelerometer and micro charge amplifier is designed and built, a mathematical model for evaluating the indeterminacy of the measurement results is established.There are nine sources of indeterminacy, such as system measurement repetitively, measuring device, change of ambient temperature, installation factors, which are researched intensively, referring to ISO 16063-11:1999 and JJF1059.1-2012, the indeterminacy of vibration measurement frequency and amplitude of the system is evaluated, the results show: the indeterminacy of measurement frequency and amplitude(k=2) are 3.070% and 0.338% respectively, which meet the index requirements and prove that the design of this system is reasonable, feasible and can be used to develop the small vibration active system.Additionally, the distribution histogram of all kinds of indeterminacy and its components are made, after comparing and analyzing, considering the influencing factors of the indeterminacy, the methods of improving the vibration test system are put forward, the reliable basis and effective measures are provided for improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results of similar vibration test system in the future.
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