钝感剂及装药工艺对炸药燃烧转爆轰的影响

摘要

分析了高密度成型炸药装药的燃烧转爆轰(DDT)过程及其特性,采用电探针法分别研究了钝感剂以及熔铸与压装两种装药工艺对炸药DDT的影响,对比了不同条件下炸药发生DDT的诱导爆轰距离.结果表明,高密度成型装药的DDT过程,主要是燃烧压缩波汇聚形成冲击波,并诱发爆轰的机制.由于钝感剂具有较大热容和较小导热系数,炸药中加入钝感剂,使炸药的诱导爆轰距离变大.熔铸炸药抗压强度低于压装炸药,且呈一定的脆性,在燃烧过程中易发生破碎,导致燃烧面增大,并进一步提高燃速,因此熔铸工艺可以减小炸药的诱导爆轰距离.%The process and characteristics of deflagration-to-detonation transition(DDT)in high density and shaped explosives were analyzed.The effect of desensitizer and two charging methodology which involves melt cast-ing and press loading on DDT were considered by means of electrical pins.The detonation-induced distances in dif-ferent conditions were also compared.The results show that detonation is induced by shock waves deriving from the accumulation of combustion compression waves,which is the primary mechanism for the DDT in high density and shaped explosives.The detonation-induced distance would be longer when desensitizer was added in explosives,be-cause the desensitizer has big heat capacity and small thermal conductivity.The melt casting explosive is easier to be crushed which will increase the burning area and combustion speed,as the compression strength of melt casting explosive is lower and crisper than press loading explosive.The melt casting explosive tends to reduce detonation-induced distance.