盐业与《管子》“海王之国”理想

摘要

In the Pre-Qin Period, the state of Qi made good use of its sea resourses, which was one of the reasons behind its prosperity. The development of salt industry was significant in the development of Qi. Sea Kingdom cited in the classic Guanzi presented the proposal for focusing on salt industry and salt administration. Relevant policies should be implemented to play an active role in making the country richer and stronger. The policies of“price”and“formulating salt policies”were to intervene, develop, control and utilize salt resources, which influenced the salt administration in the period of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty. And relevant information of salt production in Qi also helps to understand the achievements of Qi people in exploitation of sea resources before the political unification of Han.%先秦时期齐国的强盛和富足，有充分利用海洋资源的因素。盐业的发展，成为齐人立国的重要基础。《管子》书中“海王之国”篇提出了重视盐业、强化盐政的主张。相关政策应当得以贯彻实施，实现了富国和强国的积极作用。国家对于盐业的所谓“轻重”，所谓“谨正盐筴”，即积极地予以干预、开发、控制、利用，后来对汉武帝时代的盐政也有影响。参考汉代齐地盐业生产的相关信息，也有助于理解作为其基础的大一统政治形势实现之前齐人海洋资源开发的成就。