车轴关键区域表面超声波冲击强化技术应用研究

摘要

车轴是影响轨道车辆运行安全的重要因素之一,其表面残余应力状态和表面光洁度与疲劳裂纹萌生和腐蚀的产生有一定的关联性.超声波冲击强化技术在改善材料残余应力状态、产生较理想的压应力层和提高表面光洁度等方面表现突出,文章应用这一技术对车轴关键区域进行了表面强化.对比试验结果表明,超声波冲击强化技术大大改善了车轴表面的应力状态(由之前拉压应力并存的状态变为几乎全部是压应力的状态),同时其表面粗糙度也得到了很大改善.%The axle is one of the important factors in operation safety of rail vehicles. The residual stress conditions and surface finish have certain relation with the generation of fatigue cracking and corrosion. The supersonic impulse intensification technology plays an important role in improving the residual stress conditions of materials, causing ideal compressive stress layer and improving the surface finish. In this paper, the technology above is applied to make surface strengthening in key points of alxes. The comparison test result shows that the supersonic impulse intensification technology has greatly improved the stress conditions of the axle surface (The state that both the tensile stresses and the compressive stresses exist has been changed into the state that nearly all the stresses arc compressive stresses) in the mean time, the surface roughness has been greatly improved.