建造国有企业的初衷--共和国初期阶段国有企业存在的理由

摘要

Since 2014,the reform of Stated-Owned Enterprises(SOEs)has taken the direction of mixed ownership. In the past 35 years,the aim of reforming SOEs is efficiency,effectiveness and competitiveness.Neverthless,the more critical issue is the legitimacy of SOEs;Otherwise,the reform of SOEs as well as mixed ownership cannot find a way out. This paper,back to the first 10 years of PRC,studied the original intention of establishing and equipping SOEs on a large scale,then analyzed the basis for the existence of SOEs in China,as well as accumulated disadvantages of SOEs under government control,hoping to shed some light on future trends of the SOEs reform.%2014年混合所有制成为中国国有企业改革的新趋向。之前，国有企业改革35年来的核心指向是效率、效果、竞争力问题，但更重要的是国有企业存在的理由和依据。这个问题不明确，国有企业改革，包括混合所有制就难以找到出路。本文回到新生共和国最初的十年，去考察政府大规模建造和装备国有企业的初衷，分析中国国有企业存在的理由和依据，以及当时积累下的政府管控国有企业的弊端，就此来进一步思考国有企业未来改革的趋势。