劳动供给对城市空气污染敏感吗？--基于2012年全国流动人口动态监测数据的实证检验

摘要

This paper constructs a partial equilibrium model to test the effect of air pollution on the migrant population of labor supply .The results show that air pollution exists a significant inhibitory effect on labor supply of migrant population .On average , the air pollution levels rise by 1% per day , and the labor supply of migrant population will decrease by 0.011 -0.019 days/week.But there are significant differences between the migrant population who has different household characteristics and gender .Women and the non-agricultural migrant population have the higher sensitive to air pollution .Therefore , the effect of environmental regulation policy should be evaluated , concerning the positive spillover effects for the labor market and the different effects of migrant population who has different household characteristics and gender .%本文在构建空气质量与劳动供给之间相互影响的局部均衡模型基础上，利用2012年全国流动人口动态监测数据和工具变量法，实证检验城市空气污染对于流动人口劳动供给时间的影响。研究发现，作为外部冲击的城市空气污染对于流动人口的劳动供给时间存在显著的抑制效应，城市空气污染程度平均每上升1％，城市就业流动人口的劳动供给时间将减少0．011～0．019天／周。子样本检验结果发现，上述抑制作用存在明显的身份差异和性别差异，女性和城市间流动人口对于城市空气污染的敏感性更高，男性和乡城间流动人口因为空气污染程度加剧而退出劳动力市场的可能性相对较小。上述结论表明在评估环境规制政策效果时应重视城市空气质量改善对于劳动力市场的正向溢出效应，以及对于不同户籍性质和不同性别流动人口的影响差异。