'互联网+'农机:产业链融合模式、瓶颈与对策

摘要

"互联网+"农机有助于改变和创新农机行业的生产方式、发展模式、产业形态、组织方式和发展格局.基于"互联网+"与产业融合的基础理论,对"互联网+"农机的科学内涵进行了界定,分析了"互联网+"农机产业链的关键环节与主要内容,探讨"互联网+"农机的产业融合模式与制约瓶颈.结果表明,"互联网+"农机产业链包含了高端研发、产品中试和应用、市场推广与服务等三大环节,其融合方式与手段在于通过科技资源汇聚、销售渠道整合、农机服务模式以及管理模式创新等,形成现代农机领域的分布式网络协同研发、农机电子商务O2O推广、数据化在线化服务以及云端制生态管理等产业链新型模式和业态.在融合过程中,"互联网+"农机仍存在农机产业创新发展的核心技术及标准缺乏、农业经营主体能力不足、产业发展层次较低、农机农艺结合不紧密等主要问题.针对以上问题,从搭建公共研发平台、加强农民培训、统筹规划布局、农机农艺融合、农机购置补贴等方面提出了加快"互联网+"农机产业融合发展对策建议.%"Internet+" agricultural machinery will help to change and innovate the production method, development pattern, industrial structure, and organization mode of agricultural machinery industry. Based on the basic theory of "internet+" and industrial convergence, this paper defines scientifically the basic concepts and connotations of "internet+" agricultural machinery, analyzes the key links and the main content of "Internet+" agricultural machinery chain, and discusses the convergence mode and the bottleneck of "Internet+" agricultural machinery. Results show that "Internet+"agricultural machinery chain contains three links, including high-end research, product development and introduction, and marketing and services. And the integration method and means rely on the ways of technology resources convergence, sales channel integration, agricultural service model and management model innovation to form new pattern and format of modern agricultural field industrial chain, such as distributed network collaborative research and development, agricultural machinery E-commerce promotion, data on-line services and cloud-based ecological management. In the process of integration, "Internet+" agricultural machinery still has some major problems, including the lack of core technologies and standards, short of agricultural management capacity, and low level of industrial development. In addition, this paper suggests to speed up the development of "Internet+" agricultural machinery industry from the establishment of public R&D platform, and to strengthen farmers training, agricultural agronomic integration, and the purchase of agricultural subsidies.