分散试次功能分析：更具生态性的行为分析方法

摘要

Discrete-Trial Functional Analysis of challenging behavior is a variation of Traditional Functional Analysis, and is gaining more and more attention by researchers and practitioners recently because it can be operated conveniently and precisely. Compared with TFA, DTFA not only has equal effect, but also has many unique advantages: it is more discrete and convenient, can be operated by non-professional front-line staffs, needs fewer resources and has higher ecological validity. This field can be developed by investigating that ( a) if DTFAs could be implemented with fidelity to assess much more challenging behaviors, ( b) how many trials and how long a trial may be needed in order to produce a clear understanding of the behavior’s function, ( c) what would happen if the sequence of two segments ( test and control) varied.%分散试次功能分析是经典功能分析的一种变式，因其操作简便又不失严格，近年来备受研究者和实践者的关注。与经典功能分析相比，它有相近的分析效果，同时又有更多独特的优势：评估过程更分散、简便；可以由非专业一线人员操作；需要更少的资源；评估更具生态性。未来研究还需考查：采用该方法分析更多挑战性行为的有效性；保持效果的最佳试次数和试次的持续时间；测试和控制阶段的实施顺序对效果的影响；国内研究的本土化等问题。