宁夏地区奶牛子宫内膜炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

摘要

为调查宁夏6个规模化牛场奶牛子宫内膜炎主要致病菌的种类及其耐药情况，采集78头患子宫内膜炎奶牛的子宫分泌物，分离培养细菌，根据各分离菌株的生化反应和16 S rDNA 序列遗传进化分析结果，对致病菌分类鉴定，并对其进行抗生素耐药性分析。结果表明，大肠埃希菌检出率为55．56％，金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为35．90％，其他菌株检出率为8．54％，单一菌株感染患牛占42．31％，混合菌株感染占52．56％。大肠埃希菌和金色葡萄球菌对青霉素 G、氨苄西林、四环素、复方新诺明、链霉素、卡拉霉素耐药性较强（50％～100％），对万古霉素、头孢西丁、头孢噻肟较为敏感（耐药率小于20％）。宁夏6个规模化牛场奶牛子宫内膜炎主要致病菌为大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌，且以混合感染为主。该类病原对青霉素类、四环素类、氨基糖甙类和磺胺类抗生素耐药性较强，对万古霉素、头孢类较敏感。%To evaluate the species and drug resistance of main pathogenic bacteria causing cow endometri-tis,this experiment was performed to isolate bacteria from the excretion of uteruses of 78 affected cows in six large-scale dairy farms located in Ningxia.The main isolates were classified according to the results of biochemical identification and phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S rDNA sequences.The drug sensitivity tests of the main isolates were conducted.The results indicated that 55.56 percent of pathogens are Esche-richia coli and 35.90 percent of pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus .Other species of pathogens accoun-ted for 8.54 percent of all isolates.42.31 percent of all affected cows infected with single pathogen.It ac-counted for 52.56 percent of affected cows that infected with mixed pathogens.The isolated E.coli and S. aureus were resistant to the majority of antibacterial agents such as penicillin G,ampicillin,tetracycline, chemitrim,streptomycin and kanamycin.However,the E.coli and S.aureus were hypersensitive to van-comycin,cefoxitin and cefotaxime.E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus are main pathogenic bacteria causing endometritis of cows in six large-scale dairy farms located in Ningxia.The mixed infection of several spe-cies of bacteria was frequently determined in uteruses of affected cows.These pathogens were widely re-sistant to penicillins,tetracyclines,aminoglycosides and sulfamines.However,the pathogens were hyper-sensitive to vancomycin and cephalosporins.