裸盖鱼(Anoplopoma fimbria)肌肉的营养成分分析及评价

摘要

Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) has been studied for years but was only recently acknowledged as a new marine aquaculture species. To better understand the nutritive composition of its muscles, we measured and analyzed the general nutrients, amino acids, fatty acids, major and trace elements as well as vitamins, using biochemical methods. The results showed that the percentages of the moisture, crude proteins, crude fat, crude ash and total carbohydrate in the fish muscles were 69.92%, 16.48%, 10.64%, 1.69% and 1.27% respectively. In dry samples, the total amino acids (TAA) accounted for 43.81%, the ratio of total essential amino acids to total amino acids (WEAA/WTAA) was 40.68%, and the ratio of total essential amino acids to total nonessential amino acids (WEAA/WNEAA) was 81.74%. The constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the standards of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations /World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). The ratio of branched-chain amino acid amount to aromatic amino acid amount (BCAA/AAA) was 2.51, which was close to the normal value in humans. The level of flavor amino acids (FAA) was 16.94% and accounted for 38.67% of the total amino acids, which was higher than that in the main mariculture species in the north of China. According to the amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), the first limiting amino acid in the muscles was Cystine plus Methionine with an essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 76.35, implying thatA. fimbria had relatively balanced amino acid composition. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was 2.81, indicating a high fat quality of the muscles. Our results also suggested that the muscles ofA. fimbriawere rich in major and trace elements such as P and Zn, and vitamins such as VA, VB6and VB3. In conclusion,A. fimbriamay be enriched with flavor amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, major and trace elements and vitamins, therefore it could be a valuable aquaculture species due to the nutritional advantage.%采用生化方法对裸盖鱼肌肉的营养成分进行了分析,并对其营养品质进行了评价.结果显示,裸盖鱼水分含量为69.92%,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分和总糖含量分别占肌肉湿重16.48%、10.64%、1.69%和1.27%.裸盖鱼肌肉(干样)中含有17种氨基酸,总量为43.81%,其中必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值(WEAA/WTAA)为40.68%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(WEAA/WNEAA)为81.74%,符合FAO/WHO 的理想模式;肌肉氨基酸的支/芳值(BCAA/AAA)为 2.51,接近人体的正常水平;鲜味氨基酸总量(FAA)为 16.94%,占氨基酸总量的 38.67%,高于我国北方主要海水养殖品种;第一限制性氨基酸为胱氨酸+蛋氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为76.35,属于氨基酸较为平衡的鱼类.裸盖鱼肌肉不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值(UFA/SFA)为 2.81,脂肪质量较高.此外裸盖鱼肌肉营养元素丰富,P和Zn含量较高,并富含VA、VB6和VB3.分析认为,裸盖鱼肌肉呈味氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、矿物质、维生素含量丰富,味道鲜美,具有较高的营养价值和保健作用.