高速公路岩质边坡植被恢复初期喷播基材养分动态

摘要

以京承三期高速公路岩质边坡植被恢复工程为依托,研究了2种厚层基材在喷播第1年的养分动态变化,其中基材A泥炭∶种植土为9∶1,基材B种植土∶植生基质为6∶4。研究结果表明,2种基材的pH值变化很小,表明酸碱性在植被恢复第1年变化较小;基材A有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量变化趋势大体一致,均表现为先下降后上升,各值在7月份达到最低,养分先降后升的变化趋势可能与基材A坡面以草本植物为主有关,前期草本植物生长迅速,养分需求大,而夏季草本植物生长停滞甚至退化,枯草层分解贡献一部分养分;基材B养分变化趋势不同,除有效磷在7月份有增加外,其他养分表现为随生长时间持续下降。方差分析表明,2种基材养分变化差异显著（P〈0.05）;不同时间同一基材养分差异不显著。2种基材不同的变化趋势,认为除了与基材组成中泥炭和有机质分解有关外,与坡面的草本植物与灌木植物也有关。研究基材养分动态的变化,对改进基材的配置具有重要的意义。%Base on vegetation restoration engineering of rock slope of Jing-Cheng Highway,the nutrient changes of two spraying base material,in which peat： soil was 9∶1 among base material A and soil： vegetation substrate was 6∶4 among base material B,were measured in the first year.The results of this study showed that pH value was similar and was little changeable among both base material,indicating the Acidity and Basicity did not change in the first year of vegetation restoration.The account of organic matter,total N,available P and available K of base material A decreased firstly,and then increased,and they were minimum in July because herbs grew rapidly by consuming plenty of nutrient.The account of organic matter,total N and available K in base material B decreased continually,but available P decreased firstly,and then increased.The results of variance analysis showed that the nutrients of different base material were significantly different（P0.05）,and the nutrients of same base material were not significantly different.Two basic materials had different variation trend,which was related to not only decomposition of peat and organic fertilizer but also vegetation restoration models.This study would provide information for improving composition of base material restoring technology on the rocky slope ecological protection.