甘南牧区草原承包到户后的现状调查

摘要

Pastoral grassland contract system was promoted since 1980s, which has lasted nearly 30 years. This system was designed to eradicate the disadvantages of "prairie big rice bowl" system, inspire the herdsmen enthusiasm of protection, construction and rational utilization of grasslands and curb fundamentally the grassland degradation trend, but there are still much controversial in academic circles on the practice actual results. This study has preliminarily discussed the problems brought about in the development of Gannan pastoral grasslands and how to improve the pastoral grassland contract system through questionnaires, visiting and field survey. Investigations indicated that actual effect of grassland contracted by individual households was far apart from the expected, in some respects even toward the original intention. Based on profound analysis of existing problems of Gannan pasturing area grassland contracting, this study puts forward opinions with focus on how to improve the grassland contracting system.%牧区草原承包制从20世纪80年代推广至今，历时近30年。然而，这项旨在根除“草原大锅饭”弊端，激发牧民保护、建设和合理利用草原积极性，从根本上遏制草原退化趋势的举措，其实际效果究竟如何，目前学术界尚存在很大争议。本研究通过问卷调查、走访牧户和实地调查等方法对甘南牧区草原在发展中所带来的问题以及如何完善牧区草原承包制度进行了初步的探讨，认为草原承包到户的实际效果与期望效果相去甚远，有些方面甚至走向了初衷的反面。在深刻分析甘南牧区草原承包现存问题的基础上，重点就如何完善草原承包制度提出了建议。