不同燕麦品种饲草和籽粒生产性能分析

摘要

为探明不同燕麦品种饲草和籽粒生产性能的差异及其原因，本研究以青海省普遍种植的8份燕麦品种为试验材料，通过聚类分析、相关分析和多元逐步回归分析，明确了高产燕麦的性状特征。研究得到以下主要结果：1）不同燕麦品种的饲草和籽粒生产性能存在差异，青燕1号和林纳的饲草和籽粒产量最高，草莜1号和青莜2号饲草和籽粒产量最低；2）聚类分析可将8种燕麦分为两大类：第一类为综合表现较差的加燕2号、青引2号、草莜1号和青莜2号，第二类为综合表现较好的林纳、青燕1号、尼央和青永久887，其饲草和籽粒产量较第一类燕麦可分别提高12．8％和14．2％；3）两类燕麦的饲草产量均与株高显著正相关，与茎直径显著负相关；籽粒产量与株高、千粒重、带稃种子长度和宽度显著正相关，与茎直径、穗粒数、空铃数、籽粒容重显著负相关，说明不同燕麦的饲草产量同其性状的相关关系相对比较稳定；4）多元逐步回归分析表明，茎直径对两类燕麦品种的饲草产量的贡献显著且系数较大，茎直径和带稃种子宽度对籽粒产量的贡献显著且系数较大。与第一类燕麦品种相比较，茎直径对第二类燕麦饲草和籽粒产量的负向作用系数较小，而种子宽度的正向作用系数较大，是其高产的内在原因。因此，茎直径和种子宽度可作为燕麦选育的重要参考指标。%In order to explain reason for forage and grain yield difference of oat cultivars,eight oat cultivars widely planted in Qinghai province were used in this study.Special-traits of the high yield oat was found through cluster analysis,correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression.The main results as below.1) The forage and grain yield productivity was different among cultivars,the forage and the grain yield of Qingyan 1 and Linna was highest,and that of the Caoyou 1 and Qingyou 2 was lowest.2)Eight oat cultivars could be grouped into two clusters according to the cluster analysis.Cluster 1 included Jiayan 2,Qingyin 2,Caoyou 1 and Qingyou 2,they have relatively poor performance.Cluster 2 included Linna,Qingyan 1,Neon and Qingyongjiu 887,they have relatively better performance,with 12.8% and 14.2% higher forage and grain yield than that of cultivars in cluster 1.3)The forage yield of both two clusters was positively correlated to the stem diameter,and negatively correlated to the plant height.Also the grain yield of both two clusters were positively correlated to the plant height,grain weight per spike,kernel weight,the length and the width of the seed with rafter,indicating that the relationship between forage yield and traits of oats are relatively stable.4) The multiple stepwise regression results showed that the contribution rate of the stem diameter to the forage yield was high and significant,and the same for the contribution rate of the stem diameter and seed width to the grain yield for both two clusters.Compared with the first cluster,the smaller negative coefficient value of stem diameter and the larger positive coefficient of the seed width in the regression equation between traits and yield is the inner high yielding reason for the second cluster.Thus,the stem diameter and the seed width could be used as an important index in the selection and breeding of oat.