艾滋病感染者“阶段式”心理支持模式探索

摘要

Objective To explore a “staged” psychological support mode meeting the different needs of AIDS-infected pa-tients in different period.Methods Data were collected by using literature review ,expert consultation,questionnaires and field obser-vation.Results Two hundred and sixteen newly-diagnosed people living with HIV/AIDS( PLHIV) were offered with a psychological support after a "staged"psychological support mode established .After one year of the intervention ,the patients with severe depression decreased from 13.8%to 0%,with anxiety symptoms reduced 23.1%and with depression symptoms decreased 32.1%.The awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge increased by 28.5%.Condom using rate in anal sex increased by 27%.Conclusion The implementa-tion of the "staged"psychological support model for PLHIV can significantly alleviate symptoms of depression ,anxiety and psychologi-cal stress.Simultaneously,it can effectively improve the knowledge of AIDS and incidence of safe sex ,which leads to better quality of life.It will be of great importance to improve the life quality of PLHIV and reduce the risk of AIDS spreading .%目的：探索根据感染者所处各个时期的需求不同，进行“阶段式”心理干预支持的模式。方法采用文献复习、专家咨询、问卷调查、现场观察等方法搜集资料。结果建立了“阶段式”感染者心理支持模式，对新发现的216名感染者/病人进行了心理支持。干预一年后，重度抑郁的感染者/病人由13.8％下降为0.0％，有焦虑症状的感染者/病人降低了23.8％，有抑郁症状的感染者/病人降低了32.1％，艾滋病相关知识的知晓率提高了28.5％，男性发生肛交行为时每次使用安全套率提升27％，干预前后差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）；干预前后抑郁及焦虑评分差异也有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论实施“阶段式”感染者心理支持模式，可以显著改善其抑郁和焦虑症状，有效缓解心理压力；同时能有效提升MSM感染者的艾滋病相关知识知晓率和安全性行为发生率，对于提升感染者生活质量，降低性病艾滋病传播危险等具有重要意义。