肺血栓栓塞症危险因素及Caprini血栓风险评估量表的应用价值分析

摘要

目的 分析肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)患者危险因素及Caprini血栓风险评估量表的应用价值.方法 选取2006年1月—2016年1月广西医科大学第一附属医院收治的PTE患者585例,通过住院患者电子病案系统收集相关信息,分析PTE常见危险因素,并采用Caprini血栓风险评估量表(中文版)评估PTE危险分层.结果 585例患者中伴深静脉血栓形成者266例(占45.5％)、伴恶性肿瘤者149例(占25.5％)、卧床时间＞3d者123例(占21.0％)、近期有手术史者67例(占11.5％)、伴心脏病者61例(占10.4％)、体质指数＞25 kg,/m2者52例(占8.9％)、伴骨折或创伤者43例(占7.4％)、伴脑卒中者38例(占6.5％)、伴慢性肺部疾病者36例(占6.2％)、伴肾病综合征者24例(占4.1％)、伴心房颤动者22例(占3.8％)、伴结缔组织疾病者17例(占2.9％)、伴静脉曲张者9例(占1.5％)、妊娠期或产后7例(占1.2％).合并≥2个危险因素者473例(占80.9％),合并1个危险因素者88例(占15.0％),未合并危险因素者24例(占4.1％).Caprini血栓风险评估量表评估的PTE危险分层:低危56例(占9.6％),中危64例(占10.9％),高危206例(占35.2％),极高危259例(占44.3％).结论 PTE主要危险因素包括深静脉血栓形成、恶性肿瘤、卧床时间＞3d、近期手术、心脏病;Caprini血栓风险评估量表可用于PTE的风险评估.%Objective To analyze the acquired risk factors of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and the application value of Caprini Thrombus Risk Assessment Scale.Methods A total of 585 patients with PTE were selected in the Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2006 to January 2016,related data was collected through Hospital Patients Electronic Medical Records System,and the common acquired risk factors of PTE were analyzed,meanwhile Caprini Thrombus Risk Assessment Scale (Chinese version) was used to assess the risk stratification of PTE.Results Of the 585 patients,266 patients complicated with deep venous thrombosis (accounting for 45.5％),149 patients complicated with malignant tumor (accounting for 25.5％),123 patients with bed rest time over 3 days (accounting for 21.0％),67 patients received recent surgery (accounting for 11.5％),61 patients complicated with heart disease (accounting for 10.4％),52 patients with BMI over 25 kg/m2 (accounting for 8.9％),43 patients complicated with fracture or trauma (accounting for 7.4％),38 patients complicated with stroke (accounting for 6.5％),36 patients complicated with chronic pulmonary disease (accounting for 6.2％),24 patients complicated with nephrotic syndrome (accounting for 4.1％,22 patients complicated with atrial fibrillation (accounting for 3.8％),17 patients complicated with connective tissue diseases (accounting for 2.9％),9 patients complicated with varicosity (accounting for 1.5％),7 patients were pregnant women or lying-in women (accounting for 1.2％);473 patients existed 2 kinds or more risk factors (accounting for 80.9％),88 patients existed 1 kind of risk factor (accounting for 15.0％),24 patients did not exist any risk factors (accounting for 4.1％).According to the Caprini Thrombus Risk Assessment Scale,56 patients were low-risk (accounting for 9.6％),64 patients were medium risk (accounting for 10.9％),206 patients were high-risk (accounting for 35.2％),259 patients were extreme risk (accounting for 44.3％).Conclusion Major acquired risk factors of PTE include deep venous thrombosis,malignant tumor,bed rest time over 3 days,recent surgery and heart disease;Caprini Thrombus Risk Assessment Scale has good application value on risk stratification of PTE.