分时电价环境下的办公建筑空调负荷双层柔性优化控制策略

摘要

The air-conditioning system of office building is a large power consumption terminal equipment, whose unreasonable operation mode leads to low energy efficiency. Realizing the optimization of the air-conditioning system has become one of the important research contents of the electric power demand response. To reduce electric bill and improve energy efficiency of the air-conditioning system, two-layer flexible optimal strategy for air-conditioning of office building under TOU price is put forward. In the upper level, the operation mode of the air-conditioning system is optimized in order to minimize the uses' electric bill and ensure user' comfort according to the information of outdoor temperature and TOU price, and the cooling load of the air-conditioning is output to the lower level model. In the lower level, the distribution mode of load among the multi water chillers is optimized in order to maximize the power efficiency according to the characteristics of each chiller. The PSO algorithm is employed to solve the two-layer optimization model. The experimental results under different modes of air-conditioning show that the strategy can improve the efficiency of chillers and save the electric bill.%空调系统是办公建筑中电力能源消耗较大的终端设备,其不合理的运行方式导致用电效率低下,实现空调系统的用电优化已成为电力需求响应的重要研究内容之一.为了降低用户用电费用和提高空调系统能效,提出了分时电价环境下的办公建筑空调负荷双层柔性优化控制策略.在上层模型中,考虑室外温度变化和分时电价信息,通过柔性调节空调系统的预冷时间和设定温度,实现兼顾用电费用最省和用户舒适度最优的效果,并将得到的空调系统冷负荷量输出给下层模型.在下层模型中,根据多台冷水机组性能(Coefficient of Performance,COP)特性的不同,优化负载率的分配,达到冷水机组总体能效最大的效果.采用粒子群算法求解双层模型,通过算例仿真,比较空调系统在不同运行模式下的结果,验证了所提策略可以有效地提高冷水机组的效率,降低用电费用.