内蒙古典型草原蝗虫群落结构和生态位研究

摘要

We studied the community structure and ecological niche of different grasshoppers in typical steppes in Inner Mongolia by means of central location survey and quantitative analysis of biomass.The results showed that community of typical grassland was rich,containing 1 1 main species.Time distribution of grasshoppers revealed the time niche differentiation.Myrmeleotettix palpalis (Zubowsky),Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonnikov were earlier,middle,and later dominant species,respectively.Eleven species of grasshoppers could be divided into dominant species,affiliated species and rare species on the basis of grasshop-per population status,and four types,including grass type,weed type,special type and whole-domain type ac-cording to the space status of grasshoppers.Population and space status of dominant species reflected the relation-ships between the grasshopper species and between grasshoppers and vegetation.C .abbreviatus occupied the wi-dest spatial and temporal niches,followed by O .decorus asiaticus and M.palpalis ,indicating that C .abbreviatus make the most of space-time resources,and coexisting grasshoppers had obvious differentiation in the use of the resource.O .decorus asiaticus had the biggest niche overlap with M.palpalis ,suggesting that the two shared the highest degree of similarity in using the resources.We used ecological niche to reflect the population status and the utilization of resource,and hierachical cluster to forecast the potential occurrence and hazards.The community structure and ecological niche of grasshoppers were studied systematically,which may provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the potential oc-currence and hazards,partitioning inhabitable areas,and generating grassland pest control strategy.%采用定点调查和生物量定量分析方法对内蒙古典型草原不同草地蝗虫群落结构和生态位进行研究，结果表明，典型草原蝗虫群落结构丰富，主要蝗虫有11种，草原蝗虫的时间分布揭示了蝗虫时间生态位的分化，宽须蚁蝗[Myrmeleotettix palpalis (Zubowsky)]，亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko)、短星翅蝗(Callipta-mus abbreviatus Ikonnikov)分别构成镶黄旗草原蝗虫早期、中期、晚期优势种；根据蝗虫种群地位，将11种蝗虫划分为优势种、附属种、稀少种，把11种蝗虫按空间地位划分为禾草地类、荒草类、特殊类和全域类4类，优势种蝗虫的种群与空间地位，反映了蝗虫与植被、蝗虫与蝗虫之间关系。优势种蝗虫中短星翅蝗的时空生态位宽度最大，其次是亚洲小车蝗和宽须蚁蝗，说明短星翅蝗对时空“资源”的利用程度最高，共存的蝗虫种类在“资源”利用上存在着明显的分化，亚洲小车蝗与宽须蚁蝗的生态位重叠最大，说明两者利用资源的相似性程度最高。我们用生态位来体现蝗虫种群地位及对资源的利用，同时也用资源的系统聚类来预测蝗虫的潜在发生与危害。本文系统地研究了蝗虫群落结构和蝗虫生态位，将为评价草原蝗虫潜在发生与危害、蝗虫宜生区划分和制定草原有害生物防治策略提供理论基础。