3种地膜在不同覆膜方式下的控草效果及对玉米生长发育的影响

摘要

The influences of film mulching methods on the growth and development of maize and weed control effect were measured in the severe weed-occurring areas in the arid loess plateau of the eastern Gansu Province. The results showed that the control effect of chemical weed mulching film and black plastic film on weed stem and fresh weight were above 93% for broad-leaved weeds and above 76% for gramineae weeds,respectively.Semi-film ridge planting and semi-film flat planting with white plastic films had certain control effect on broad-leaved weeds,but no obvious effect on gramineous weeds.However,whole field surface mulching and double ridge-fur-row planting with white plastic films might cause of the outbreak of weeds.The main agronomic characters,yield and economic benefit were obviously improved when the corn field covered with chemical weed mulching films and black plastic films in whole field surface mulching and double ridge-furrow planting,with the yield of maize in-creased by 22.17% and 24.78%,respectively,compared to that in semi-film ridge planting,and increased by 9.23%and 5.74%,respectively,compared to that in semi-film flat planting.The net income increased by 3 553.13 and 3 828.78 yuan/hm2compared with that in semi-film ridge planting,and 1 343.46 and 736.30 yuan/hm2com-pared with that in semi-film flat planting,respectively.The chemical weed mulching film and black plastic film were recommended for the control of weeds in the corn field.%在陇东旱塬区杂草严重发生条件下,试验测定了3种地膜在不同覆膜方式下的控草效果及对玉米生长发育的影响.结果表明,化学除草地膜和黑色地膜以全膜双垄沟播、半膜平作和半膜垄作方式覆膜,对阔叶杂草的株防效和鲜重防效均在93%以上,对禾本科杂草的株防效和鲜重防效均在76%以上;白色地膜以半膜垄作和半膜平作方式覆膜对阔叶杂草有一定的控制作用,但对禾本科杂草作用微弱或无效,以全膜双垄沟播方式覆膜可引起杂草大量发生.化学除草地膜和黑色地膜以全膜双垄沟播方式覆膜,均可明显改善玉米主要农艺性状,显著提高玉米产量及效益,玉米产量较半膜垄作分别增产22.17%和24.78%、较半膜平作分别增产9.23%和5.74%,纯收益较半膜垄作分别增加3553.13元/hm2和3828.78元/hm2、较半膜平作分别增加1343.46元/hm2和736.30元/hm2;白色地膜以全膜双垄沟播、半膜平作和半膜垄作方式覆膜,玉米主要农艺性状、产量及经济效益均较覆盖化学除草地膜和黑色地膜有明显下降.因此,在杂草严重或较重发生的地区,推荐采取化学除草地膜和黑色地膜全膜双垄沟播方式覆膜.