Nausea and vomiting is one of the most common adverse reactions of chemotherapy, not only decrease patients' appetite, but also cause severe electrolyte disorders, which leads poor physical fitness and compliance, and ultimately affects the primary disease treatment. For chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, the main clinical drugs are 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, NK-1 receptor antagonists and hormones. Different mechanism of anti-nausea drugs and recent progress are described in this article; an overview of anti-nausea drug in classes has been made to provide a reference for their clinical use in chemotherapy.%恶心呕吐是化疗患者最常见的不良反应之一,不仅导致患者食欲下降,严重的还会引起电解质紊乱,使患者体质变差,依从性降低,最终影响原发病的治疗.针对化疗所致恶心呕吐,目前临床应用较多的是5-羟色胺3(5-HT3)受体拮抗剂、神经激肽1(NK-1)受体拮抗剂和激素.本文针对各类止吐药的作用机制及近年来出现的新进展,将止吐药分类加以概述,以期为化疗止吐药物的临床使用提供参考.
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