含酸原油加工中石油酸的分布及传递

摘要

为了考察含酸原油中的石油酸在各装置的分布情况,对某炼油厂常减压蒸馏、催化裂化、焦化、加氢、重整装置进行了全面的采样分析,不仅得到了装置各部位的酸值分布及传递,还对重点装置原料和产品中的石油酸变化进行了分子水平表征.结果表明:常减压蒸馏装置常二线、常三线、减一线、减二三线及减压渣油易发生高温酸腐蚀;实沸点蒸馏与常减压蒸馏酸分布存在明显差异;与催化裂化原料相比,催化裂化柴油和油浆中各碳数的石油酸含量都很低,3种物料中含量最高的石油酸都是二环环烷酸;焦化柴油和焦化蜡油中各碳数的石油酸含量都很低,其中一环环烷酸相对含量较高,分解较少.本研究结果对含酸原油加工、装置防腐及产品质量控制都具有指导意义.%To study the naphthenic acid distribution in refinery units, the samples from CDU, FCC, coking, hydrotreating and reforming units were collected.The acid number distribution and changes in each unit was obtained.The molecular structures of acids were characterized in some important units.It is found that high temperature corrosion occurs in the side cut No.2 and 3 of CDU, cuts 1-2 of VGO as well as vacuum residues;There is a significant difference of acid distributions measured by true boiling point distillation and atmospheric and vacuum distillation;Compared with FCC feed, the acid amounts of each carbon number in FCC diesel and slurry are very low.The double-ring naphthenic acid is the main acid in above 3 kinds of fractions.Similarly, the acid amounts of each carbon number in coking diesel and CGO are also very low, but the main acid is single loop naphthenic acid and less decomposed.These results are important for acidic crude processing, anti-corrosion and product quality controlling.