反相乳液聚合制备高相对分子质量和高阳离子度的聚丙烯酰胺

摘要

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为单体,采用反相乳液聚合制备了高相对分子质量和高阳离子度的聚丙烯酰胺( P( AM - DAC))；考察了乳化剂和引发剂的种类,乳化剂、引发剂、AM和阳离子单体DAC用量,乳化剂亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)对P( AM - DAC)的特性黏数的影响.实验结果表明,含脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(MOA) - 3/MOA -9复合乳化剂的乳液体系稳定性最好,偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐(V -50)的引发效果最好.采用正交实验确定了最佳合成条件:MOA-3/MOA-9复合乳化剂质量分数(基于反应体系的总质量)和HLB值分别为4.8％和8.6、AM和DAC的总质量分数为40％(基于反应体系的总质量)、V -50质量分数为0.09％(基于单体的总质量)、DAC摩尔分数55％(基于单体总的物质的量).在最佳合成条件下合成的P(AM-DAC)的特性黏数最大(1 378.7 mL/g),对含聚污水的絮凝效果好.%Polyacrylamide ( P ( AM-DAC)) with high relative molecular mass and high cationic degree was prepared from acrylamide (AM) and acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(DAC) as a cationic monomer through inverse emulsion polymerization. The effects of the types of emulsifiers and initiators, the dosages of emulsifiers, initiators and monomers, and the emulsifier hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ( HLB) on the intrinsic viscosity of P ( AM-DAC) were studied by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of 4. 8% (w) (based on the total mass of the reaction system) fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether MOA-3/MOA-9 with HLB of 8.6 as the composite emulsifier, 0. 09% ( w) (based on the total monomer mass) 2, 2'-azobis ( 2-methylpropionam-ide) dihydrochloride( V-50) as the initiator, 40% (w) total monomers (based on the total mass of the reaction system) and 55% (x) DAC (based on the total amount of substance of monomer), the intrinsic viscosity of the produced P( AM-DAC) reached the maximum (1 378.7 mL/ g) and its flocculation effect for waste water produced from polymer flooding was good.