以凹凸棒石黏土(简称凹土)为载体,采用沉淀法制备了SO2-4-/ZrO2/凹土纳米固体酸催化剂;采用XRD,EDX,TEM等方法对催化剂进行了表征;考察了载体、催化剂制备条件对催化剂催化乙酸与正丁醇进行酯化反应合成乙酸正丁酯的影响.实验结果表明,凹土晶体纤维表面高度分散的ZrO2纳米粒子与凹土的协同作用使SO2-4/ZrO2/凹土纳米固体酸催化剂具有很好的活性.在m(ZrO2)∶m(凹土)=1∶2、煅烧温度500℃、煅烧时间3h的条件下制备的SO2-4-/ZrO2/凹土纳米固体酸催化剂的活性最高;在乙酸0.50 mol、正丁醇0.55 mol、催化剂0.6g、反应温度120℃和时间90 min的条件下,酯化率可达90.34％;该催化剂具有较好的稳定性,重复使用4次其催化活性基本保持稳定.%Nano solid acid catalyst SO2-4 /ZrO2/palygorskite was prepared by a precipitation method with palygorskite as the support. The catalyst was characterized by means of XRD, EDX and TEM, and used in synthesis of butyl acetate from acetic acid and n-butanol. The effects of the support and the preparation conditions on the synthesis were investigated. The results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity in the synthesis because of the synergistic effect between the highly surface-dispersed ZrO2 nanoparticles and the palygorskite support. The optimal catalyst preparation condition were: m(ZrO2) : m(palygorskite) 1:2, calcination temperature 500 t and calcination time 3 h. The esterification rate could reach 90.34% under the reaction conditions of acetic acid 0.50 mol, n-butanol0.55 mol, catalyst dosage 0.6 g, reaction temperature 120 t and reaction time 90 min. The catalytic activity could keep stable after it was reused 4 times.
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