沥青质对原油乳状液的影响研究进展

摘要

沥青质作为原油中一类天然乳化剂,在稳定油水乳状液方面起到了重要作用,目前对沥青质油水界面膜的形成及稳定机理还没有统一的结论.综述了国内外沥青质对油水乳状液稳定性影响的有关研究现状与发展趋势,介绍了原油中以沥青质为主的天然乳化剂的存在形态与乳状液稳定性的关系、沥青质的分子结构和聚集体的特征及分子模拟方法在沥青质在油水界面成膜过程中的研究进展.%As a natural emulsifier of crude oil,asphaltene plays significant role in stabilization of crude oil emulsions.The formation of interfacial film and the mechanism of emulsion stabilization by asphaltenes has no unified conclusion.Recent advances in asphaltenes and their effects in stabilizing crude oil emulsions are reviewed.Forms of asphaltenes in crude oil and their functions in stabilizing the water-in-oil emulsion are summarized.Structures of asphaltenes in crude oil and their aggregates have been studied.Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to reveal the formation of interfacial film.