论有效控制理论在南海岛屿主权争端中的运用--基于国际法院裁判案例的分析

摘要

Effective control has become one of the most important rules in solving territorial disputes by the In-ternational Court of Justice.It is a fact that some of the islands in the South China Sea have been occupied by neighboring states.However,these occupying states can never acquire sovereignty on the theory of effective con-trol.China’s sovereignty over South China Sea and the islands therein is historical and indisputable,and it has never abandoned or stopped exercising effective jurisdiction on the islands.The dispute-involved countries’oc-cupation is an infringement of China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.Their so-called sovereign acts to-wards disputed islands are illegal and ineffective.China shall consolidate the historical title over South China Sea islands;meanwhile China shall strengthen its effective control by means of legislation,administration and judicial acts,so as to affirm China’s sovereignty over the islands.%近年来，有效控制理论成为国际法院解决领土主权争端的重要国际法依据之一。我国南海部分岛礁被邻国占领虽是事实，但这些国家无法依据有效控制理论取得其非法占领岛礁的领土主权。中国对南海诸岛拥有历史的、无可争辩的主权，且从未放弃或停止行使对南海诸岛的有效管辖。争端国家的占领行为侵犯了中国的主权和领土完整，其针对争议岛屿的所谓“主权行为”是非法的、无效的。我国应当在强化对南海诸岛的历史性权利的同时，通过立法、行政和司法等手段加强对南海诸岛的有效控制，明确我国对南海诸岛的主权。