论条约解释中的国际法体系之维护

摘要

According to recent academic studies and legal practices,there remain many disagreements a-bout whether international law is systemic and hierarchical and the meaning and the role of Art.31.3(c)of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.Due to the coexistence of its systemization,fragmentation, openness and self-containedness,current international law is an incomplete and developing system based on common values and initial hierarchy.Fragmentation jeopardizes its systematicity.The causes are compli-cated,including the limits of international law,the absence of lawmakers,and the evolution of international relations.This paper analyzes the function of integration and development of Art.3 1.3 (c )of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.From the perspective of maintaining the international law system,Art. 31.3(c)is an effective method to reduce fragmentation;but it also has limits:it is quite solid that the cur-rent international law system is determined by the power system of the international community.%学界的研究和条约法的实践表明，对于国际法是否具有体系、是否存在位阶，以及《维也纳条约法公约》第31.3条（c）项的含义、作用等问题，尚存较大分歧。由于国际法的体系化与碎片化、开放性与自足性并存，基于共同的价值和初步位阶基础，现存国际法是个发展中的不完备体系。“碎片化”损害了国际法的体系性，其产生的原因较复杂，包括国际法本身的局限、执法者的缺失、国际关系的演变等。本文探讨了《维也纳条约法公约》第31.3条（c）项所具有的整合功能和发展功能，从条约解释角度维护国际法的体系性，这不失为减少“碎片化”的有效途径。但该方法尚存局限性，国际法体系现状决定于国际社会权力结构的现实仍难以撼动。