防喷器安全仪表系统结构分析

摘要

防喷器组作为海上钻完井作业的关键设备,可有效防止井涌、井喷等事故,对于保护人员、设备、海洋环境和油气资源免受惨重破坏和污染起到重要作用.根据功能安全国际标准的规定,将防喷器及其控制系统等看作一个广义的安全仪表系统,分析该系统的安全仪表功能及各部分可能存在的失效模式和冗余设置,可为防喷器的定量安全评估提供依据.%As the key equipment of offshore drilling and completion work,BOPs can be used effectively to prevent the dangerous accidents,such as well kick and well blowout,and also play an important role on protecting people,equipment,marine environment and oil and gas resources from heavy damage and pollution. On the view of the important role of BOPs on offshore oil exploitation, and according to the requirements of functional safety international standards,the BOP and its control system is treated as a safety instrumented system,and its safety instrumented function is analyzed. By dividing the system into testing section,control section,function execution section and the auxiliary section, an investigation is made on the possible failure mode and redundancy settings of each part. The analysis on the structure and function of BOP may be used to provide certain ideas and guidance for BOP quantitative evaluation.